The Smart Grid has three main characteristics, which are to some degree antagonistic. These characteristics are: provision of good power quality, energy cost reduction and improvement in the reliability of the grid. The need to ensure that they can be accomplished together demands a much richer ICT monitoring and control network than the current system. In this paper we particularly investigate...

Islamic banking is a growing phenomenon which came into existence to satisfy the nan-cial needs of devout Muslims who observe the prohibition of interest-based transactions. Many economists have studied the macroeconomic properties of this institution in the framework of an isolated and ideal Islamic economy. In this age of integrated global nancial markets, the instantaneous transformation of ...

TERRY B. J. KUO,1,2 TSANN LIN,3 CHERYL C. H. YANG,4 CHIA-LIN LI,5 CHIEH-FU CHEN,6 AND PESUS CHOU5 1Institute of Neuroscience and 4Department of Physiology, Tzu Chi College of Medicine and Humanities, Hualien 970; 2Department of Neurology, Tzu Chi Buddhist General Hospital, Hualien 970; 3Yu-Chi Health Station, Nan-Tou 555; 5Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipe...

Richard Lieu , Jonathan P.D. Mittaz , and Shuang-Nan Zhang 2,1,3,4 Department of Physics, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899. Physics Department and Center for Astrophysics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 918-3, Beijing 100039, China. NASA Marshall Space Flight...

Richard Lieu , Jonathan P.D. Mittaz , and Shuang-Nan Zhang 2,1,3,4 Department of Physics, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899. Physics Department and Center for Astrophysics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 918-3, Beijing 100039, China. NASA Marshall Space Flight...

We present a new approach to generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasitic (GARCH) modelling for asset returns. Instead of attempting to choose a speciic distribution for the errors, as in the usual GARCH model formulation, we use a nonparametric distribution to estimate these errors. This takes into account the common problems encountered in nan-cial time series, for example, asymmet...

Chaundy and Jolliffe [1] proved that if {an} is a non-increasing (monotonic) real sequence with lim n→∞ an = 0, then a necessary and sufficient condition for the uniform convergence of the series P∞ n=1 an sinnx is lim n→∞ nan = 0. We generalize (or weaken) the monotonic condition in this well-known result to the so-called mean value bounded variation condition and prove that the generalized co...