UNLABELLED Severe liver disease caused by chronic hepatitis C virus is the major indication for liver transplantation. Despite recent advances in antiviral therapy, drug toxicity and unwanted side effects render effective treatment in liver-transplanted patients a challenging task. Virus-specific therapeutic antibodies are generally safe and well-tolerated, but their potential in preventing and...

Trypanosomes are protozoan parasites that cause diseases in humans and livestock for which no vaccines are available. Disease eradication requires sensitive diagnostic tools and efficient treatment strategies. Immunodiagnostics based on antigen detection are preferable to antibody detection because the latter cannot differentiate between active infection and cure. Classical monoclonal antibodie...

Background Binding proteins such as antibodies are useful for basic science, diagnosis, and therapy. Nanobodies also promising binding that achieve comparable affinities specificities to conventional antibodies, despite comprising only a single 15 kDa variable domain. The generation of functional nanobodies typically involves phage, yeast, or ribosome display, which allows screening billions si...