in crooked noses, the lateral walls are different in shape and symmetry. although the septum is very important to obtain a straight nose, identical and symmetrical lateral walls are needed for a straight looking nasal dorsum. as well as the septum, lateral walls also contribute in nasal skeletal support and stability. thus, obtaining identical and symmetrical lateral walls is important. in orde...

Bidirectional nasal drug delivery is a new administration principle with improved deposition pattern that may increase nasal drug uptake. Twelve healthy subjects were included in this open, non-randomized 3-way crossover study: midazolam (3.4 mg) intravenously (1 mg mL (-1)), or nasally by bidirectional or traditional spray (2 x100 microL of a 17 mg mL(-1) nasal midazolam formulation). The prim...

during last two decades, polysaccharides such as alginate (alg) alone and in combination with other biopolymers are widely used in vaccine and drug delivery systems. the aim of the present work was to investigate the potential utility of microparticles made of alginate (alg) as new vehicles for improving nasal vaccine delivery. for this purpose, diphtheria toxoid (dt) was chosen as a model anti...

Shigellosis is a leading cause of diarrhea worldwide prompting vaccine development. The Shigella flexneri Invaplex 50 is a macromolecular complex containing IpaB, IpaC, and LPS, formulated from an aqueous extract of virulent Shigella delivered via nasal administration. Preclinical vaccine testing demonstrated safety, immunogenicity and efficacy. An open-label dose-escalating phase 1 study evalu...

We have studied the efficacy of three devices designed to conserve oxygen delivered to patients with hypoxic chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Devices A and B are valve systems, which deliver oxygen only during inspiration. Device C is a modified nasal prongs system incorporating a "moustache reservoir" (Oxymizer, Chad Therapeutics Inc, Woodland Hills, California), which is claimed to produce a...

Hypertrophy of the inferior turbinates are the major cause of nasal obstruction. CO2 lasers have been used to reduce the size of the inferior turbinates over the last 20 years. However, the many techniques of delivery of the laser show that there is no one standard method reducing the size of the turbinates. We now describe how the laser can be applied directly to the turbinates using a handpie...

Nasal administration of Ags using a novel hybrid Ag delivery vehicle composed of envelope glycoproteins of Sendai virus on the surface of liposome membranes (fusogenic liposome) efficiently delivered Ags to Ag-sampling M cells in nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoreticular tissue. Additionally, fusogenic liposomes also effectively delivered the Ags into epithelial cells and macrophages in nasopha...

In recent years growing attention has been paid to the nasal drug administration as an alternative route of administration for systemically active drugs such as proteins, peptides, hormones, and other drugs which are poorly absorbed orally and extensively metabolized in liver. Nasal route is easily accessible, convenient and reliable route with a porous endothelial membrane and a highly vascula...

Purpose: To investigate the effect of co-administration of two absorption enhancing bile salts, sodium glycocholate (NaGc) and sodium salicylate (NaSal), on insulin absorption via intestinal targeted delivery system. Methods: Insulin (10 IU/kg), associated with and without absorption enhancers (5 % enhancer solution of NaGc or NaSal), was administered to the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum part of...

RATIONALE N-butyldeoxynojyrimicin (NB-DNJ, miglustat [Zavesca]) an approved drug for treating Gaucher disease, was reported to be able to correct the defective trafficking of the F508del-CFTR protein. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of in vivo airway delivery of miglustat for restoring ion transport in cystic fibrosis (CF). METHODS We used nasal transepithelial potential difference (PD)...