political evolutions and struggles of 19th century prepared the ground for realization of nationalities and emergence of nationalist movements. the realization of national identity in countries such as iran, turkey and egypt was partly due to the emphasis of governments on glorious history or ancient modernity of these nations. emergence of nationalism in any country is affected by political, ...

The post-1989 transformation of the Egyptian art world reveals the particular tenacity of colonial logics and national attachments in culture industries built through anticolonial nationalism and socialism. Tensions emerged between and among Western and Egyptian curators, critics, and artists with the development of a foreign-dominated private-sector art market and as Egyptian art begins to cir...

The American flag is a frequently displayed national symbol in the United States. Given its high visibility and importance, the present research examines the consequences of exposure to the flag on Americans’ sense of national attachment. We hypothesized that the flag would increase patriotism, defined as love and commitment to one’s country, and nationalism, defined as a sense of superiority o...