In this paper, the problem of transmission loss allocation has been studied and a new method for loss allocation in transaction-based markets has been proposed. To further this end, first transmission line loss equations were used with respect to bus injected currents. The share of each bus from the mentioned transmission line losses was determined. Then, this method was applied to the total ne...

Natural gas (NG) is one of the widely used domestic fuels in most of the countries, and because of economical and environmental advantages, its consumption is continuously increasing. As a result, complex piping systems are being installed to transport and distribute the gas for end users. Pipelines carrying NG are a significant source of hazard for their adjacent society. The risk of this haza...

Mathematical programming has been widely applied for the planning of natural gas production infrastructure development. As the production infrastructure involves large investments and is expected to remain in operation over several decades, the factors that will impact the gas production but cannot be foreseen before the development of the infrastructure need to be taken into account in the pla...

Since 2007, coal-fired electricity generation in the US has declined by a stunning 25%. At the same time, natural gas-fired generation and wind generation have dramatically increased due to technological advances and policy interventions. We examine the joint impact of natural gas prices and wind generation on coal generation, with a particular focus on the interaction between low natural gas p...

in a mobile ad hoc network, there are some features such as the ability to exploit multipath effect for information exchange with high reliability and low error rate. dealing with the aggressors and discovering the path in data transmission are of importance. approaching these goals ends in network promotion and efficiency. in this paper, the designed protocol is able to discover multipath fo...

exposure to welding gases can cause health adverse effects. risk assessment is a useful tool for good assessment of exposed workers. the purpose of this study was to determine the risk levels for exposed welders to welding gases. welders (n=239) were selected from iranian natural gas transmission pipelines industry from four regions in iran including assaluyeh, omidieh, loshan, and borujen. ozo...

We present a stochastic optimal control model to optimize gas network inventories in the face of system uncertainties. The model captures detailed network dynamics and operational constraints and uses a weighted risk-mean objective. We perform a degrees-of-freedom analysis to assess operational flexibility and to determine conditions for model consistency. We compare the control policies obtain...

The power to gas (P2G) technology can realize the large-scale storage of electric energy in form natural gas, so that system and have ability flow energy, degree coupling between is deepened. As continues increase, an integrated (IES) with grid as core has emerged. However, under uncertain conditions, current planning methods still cannot guarantee optimal interests each manufacturer, a collabo...