Artificial Insemination (AI) involves the introduction of sperm into the reproductive tract of the mare without natural mating. AI in the horse was first practiced long ago. Ancient Arabian texts describe how mares were successfully inseminated. In the late 18th Century, an Italian scientist took the idea up again. He performed a series of studies in which he placed stallion semen in the snow a...

Intrauterine insemination [4] (IUI), also known as artificial insemination [5], is one of the earliest and simplest assisted reproductive technologies (ART). With this technique, sperm [6] from either a partner or donor (such as from a sperm bank [7]) is inserted with a syringe into the woman?s vagina [8] during ovulation [9] to increase the probability that fertilization [10] will occur and le...

Africa for the largest part is still regarded as part of the developing world and has a history of political instability, natural disasters, floods and droughts that all had an effect on the development of livestock production systems and the potential application of biotechnologies. It is expected that the human population in sub Saharan Africa will experience a growth of 1.2 % per year over t...

Many HIV-discordant couples express a strong wish to conceive a child. Insemination with processed semen is offered to these couples in many countries. Given the very low level of transmission risk during fully suppressive antiretroviral therapy, we offered timed intercourse combined with preexposure prophylaxis to further reduce the transmission risk. In 53 cases, natural conception was attemp...

Numerous meat sheep breeding programs in developed and developing countries are characterized by incomplete sire information a predominant use of natural matings. These two parameters potentially affect the benefit genomic selection (GS), especially for late-in-life trait. Using stochastic simulations, genetic gains obtained using conventional strategies maternal trait were evaluated population...

The objective was to compare the costs of natural service (NS) and timed artificial insemination (TAI) as breeding programs for dairy cows. Both programs were directly compared in a field study from November 2006 to March 2008. Reproductive results in that study were similar and served as inputs for this study. A herd budget accounting for all costs and revenues was created. Net cost during the...

Mating has profound effects on the physiology and behavior of female insects, and in honey bee (Apis mellifera) queens, these changes are permanent. Queens mate with multiple males during a brief period in their early adult lives, and shortly thereafter they initiate egg-laying. Furthermore, the pheromone profiles of mated queens differ from those of virgins, and these pheromones regulate many ...

for the current research the records of 62 farms in isfahan province were available. to estimate genetic and phonotypic trends of reproductive traits such as age at first calving, calving interval, days open and number of insemination to conception rate the records of 63,866 cows including 167793 reproductive records were employed. farms were covered by vahdat industrial agriculturists and dair...

For the current research the records of 62 farms in Isfahan province were available. To estimate genetic and phonotypic trends of reproductive traits such as age at first calving, calving interval, days open and number of insemination to conception rate the records of 63,866 cows including 167793 reproductive records were employed. Farms were covered by Vahdat industrial Agriculturists and Dair...

For the current research the records of 62 farms in Isfahan province were available. To estimate genetic and phonotypic trends of reproductive traits such as age at first calving, calving interval, days open and number of insemination to conception rate the records of 63,866 cows including 167793 reproductive records were employed. Farms were covered by Vahdat industrial Agriculturists and Dair...