introduction the gamma knife system is designed solely for non-invasive treatment of brain disorders, and it benefits from stereotactic surgical techniques. dose calculations required in the system are performed by gammaplan code; in this code, brain tissue is considered uniform. in the present study, we evaluated the effect of gamma knife system on the obtained dose through simulating a real h...

The aim is to study the density, isodose depths, and doses at different points in slab-pinewood-slab (SPS) phantom, solid phantom SP34 (made up of polystyrene), and chest level of actual patient for developing heterogeneous chest phantom mimicking thoracic region of human body. A 6 MV photon beam of field size of 10 cm × 10 cm was directed perpendicular to the surface of computed tomography (CT...

Purpose: To validate a locally fabricated phantom of Imatrixx-2D Array by comparing its results with ArcCheck phantom and comparing portal dosimetry measurements with the two phantom studies. Materials and Methods: Electronic Portal Imaging Devices and Epiqa software were used for portal dosimetry. An Imatrixx-2D array with a locally fabricated phantom and ArcCheck cylindrical phantom were used...

Three case histories are presented in which amputees with acute or chronic phantom limb pain and phantom limb sensation were treated with Western medical acupuncture, needling the asymptomatic intact limb. Two out of the three cases reported complete relief of their phantom limb pain and phantom limb sensation. Acupuncture was successful in treating phantom phenomena in two of these cases, but ...

This study presents data on the clinical characteristics and possible mechanisms of the phantom eye syndrome in 112 patients after removal of one eye. The prevalence of phantom eye pain was 26%, nonpainful phantom sensations 29%, and visual hallucinations 31%. Headaches and preoperative eye pain were associated with the presence of phantom experiences. These results suggest that pain is an impo...

We present measurements of spin-orbit torques generated by Ir as a function film thickness in sputtered Ir/CoFeB and Ir/Co samples. find that provides dampinglike component torque with maximum spin-torque conductivity $\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{DL}}^{\mathrm{eff}}=(1.4\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}0.1)\ifmmod...

Flexoelectricity, in which a dielectric material develops an electrical polarization response to mechanical strain, is important degree of freedom for designing actuators with simpler structure and higher performance. Its applications are usually limited the nanoscale, though, due phenomenon's inherent size dependence. This study presents $i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}v\phant...

A simple phantom was designed, constructed, tested, and clinically implemented for daily quality assurance (QA) of an ultrasound-image-guided radiation therapy (US-IGRT) system, the Restitu Ultrasound system (Resonant Medical, Montreal, QC). The phantom consists of a high signal echogenic background gel surrounding a low signal hypoechoic egg-shaped target. Daily QA checks involve ultrasound im...

Phantom limb phenomena were correlated with psychophysiological measures of peripheral sympathetic nervous system activity measured at the amputation stump and contralateral limb. Amputees were assigned to one of three groups depending on whether they reported phantom limb pain, non-painful phantom limb sensations, or no phantom limb at all. Skin conductance and skin temperature were recorded c...

Acoustic metamaterials hold great potential for applications in the sensing and control of sound waves. These materials rely on their geometry, not composition, functionality, but geometric configurations are usually fixed when they fabricated, limiting potential. In this study, researchers exploit reversibility, reprogrammability, inherently nondestructive nature nonlinear magnetic lattices to...