Network users can choose among different security solutions to protect their data. Those solutions are offered by competing providers, with possibly different performance and price levels. In this paper, we model the interactions among users as a noncooperative game, with a negative externality coming from the fact that attackers target popular systems to maximize their expected gain. Using a n...

energy is considered as an important input for agricultural products. a decrease in energy subsidy and its demand reduces agricultural outputs and raises the production costs. changes in production and costs may significantly affect welfare of the agricultural producers. the main objective of this study was to analyze the impact of increased energy prices (reduction in the subsidy) on the agric...

nowadays generation capacity in traditional grid depends on fossil fuels and contributes significantly to the increase of pollution emission. in deregulated grids in addition to using demand response programs (drps) to reducing the cost of electricity production, peak clipping and improve reliability use of green plants such as hydro plant, wind plant become widespread. in a smart grid, end use...

Forecasting energy price and consumption is essential in making effective managerial decisions and plans. While there are many sophisticated mathematical methods developed so far to forecast, some nature-based intelligent algorithms with desired characteristics have been developed recently. The main objective of this research is short term forecasting of energy price and consumption in Iranian ...

Several industries that provide services to customers (e.g., public utility and transportation) charge higher prices during peak hours smooth demand. With technologies electronic shelf labels) enabling retailers change easily within each day, should supermarkets use peak-hour pricing? To examine this question formally, we introduce a stylized duopoly model in the presence of “negative externali...

This chapter is a simple, rigorous, practically-oriented exposition of computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling. The general algebraic framework of a CGE model is developed from microeconomic fundamentals, and employed to illustrate (i) how a model may be calibrated using the economic data in a social accounting matrix, (ii) how the resulting system of numerical equations may be solved for...