BACKGROUND Childhood socioeconomic status is linked to adult cardiovascular disease and disease risk. One proposed pathway involves inflammation due to exposure to a stress-inducing neighborhood environment. Whether CRP, a marker of systemic inflammation, is associated with stressful neighborhood conditions among children is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS The sample included 385 children 5-18 y...

The American Heart Association reports the annual incidence of out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrests (OHCA) is greater than 300,000 with a survival rate of 9.5%. Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) saves one life for every 30, with a 10% decrease in survival associated with every minute of delay in CPR initiation. Bystander CPR and training vary widely by region. We conducted a retr...

There is growing interest in the relation of built environments to physical activity, obesity, and other health outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to test associations of neighborhood built environment and median income to multiple health outcomes and examine whether associations are similar for low- and high-income groups. This was a cross-sectional study of 32 neighborhoods in Sea...

Discussions of high-poverty neighborhoods often assume that their residents are a distinct population trapped in poor neighborhoods for long durations. This paper examines this claim by calculating the first estimates of duration of residence in high-poverty neighborhoods for the AfricanAmerican population. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics matched to census tract data and a mo...

All cities known to social scientists and historians have neighborhoods. People living in urban settings universally organize important aspects of their lives on a spatial scale that is intermediate between the household and the city. Urban authorities also tend to organize administrative ac­ tivities such as tax collection and record keeping on a similar scale. The spatial relationship between...

When culture is invoked to understand the consequences of growing up in disadvantaged neighborhoods, the isolation of ghetto residents from mainstream institutions and mainstream culture is often emphasized. This paper attempts to reorient current theorizing about the cultural context of disadvantaged neighborhoods, particularly when it comes to adolescent decisionmaking and behavior. It argues...

OBJECTIVES We sought to examine characteristics of neighborhoods with changing older adult populations. METHODS We used 30 years (1980-2011) of data from four U.S. cities (n=392 neighborhoods; Birmingham, AL; Chicago, IL; Minneapolis, MN; Oakland, CA) and finite mixture modeling to identify trajectory classes: neighborhoods with "stable", declining, or increasing older adult populations (≥65 ...

Neighborhood is an important concept in covering based rough sets. That under what condition neighborhoods form a partition is a meaningful issue induced by this concept. Many scholars have paid attention to this issue and presented some necessary and sufficient conditions. However, there exists one common trait among these conditions, that is they are established on the basis of all neighborho...

A triangle T (r) in an r-uniform hypergraph is a set of r + 1 edges such that r of them share a common (r − 1)-set of vertices and the last edge contains the remaining vertex from each of the first r edges. Our main result is that the random greedy triangle-free process on n points terminates in an r-uniform hypergraph with independence number O((n log n)). As a consequence, using recent result...

Based on the smooth transition model for conceptual neighborhood graphs among binary topological relations, an extended model, the movement model, is proposed. A neighborhood relation between two topological relations describes one of the possible movements of one object with respect to the second one. The example of the construction of the graph for line-zone relations is provided. Such extend...