The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) administration on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in experimentally induced glaucoma (GL) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). GL was induced in adult rats by injection of hypertonic saline into the episcleral vein of the eye and diabetes (DT) was induced by administration of streptozoticin. Control and experimental rats w...

Sir, We read with great interest the article by Gelfand et al. (2012) in the June issue of Brain. The authors described in detail vacuolar macular changes in the inner nuclear layer of patients with multiple sclerosis. This ‘microcystic macular oedema’ was associated with decreased visual acuity and a higher disability score. We found similar microcysts in the macular inner nuclear layer of a 1...

The study of segmental innervation may be practical interest, as pathological processes involving organs and tissues can caused by damage to both peripheral individual nerves. Also, the occurrence a condition pelvic limb structures associated with various injuries, spinal cord, roots nerves sacral spine. aim experimental research was formation main plexus – n. ischiadicus, tibialis, peroneus co...

Wallerian degeneration in the CNS and PNS consists of degradation and phagocytosis of axons and their myelin sheath distal to the site of injury. This process of degeneration, which requires an effective macrophage response, occurs rapidly in peripheral nerves but is slow in the CNS. Rapid Wallerian degeneration in peripheral nerves may contribute to subsequent axonal regeneration. We show that...

Secondary degeneration of nerve tissue adjacent to a traumatic injury results in further loss of neurons, glia and function, via mechanisms that may involve oxidative stress. However, changes in indicators of oxidative stress have not yet been demonstrated in oligodendrocytes vulnerable to secondary degeneration in vivo. We show increases in the oxidative stress indicator carboxymethyl lysine a...

Calcium has been proposed as a mediator of nerve fiber degeneration following traumatic injury of the spinal cord. It induces a spongy, necrotizing myelopathy similar in its evolution to that observed in experimental spinal cord trauma. The current study was undertaken to determine the ultrastructural changes in the central nervous system (CNS) nerve fibers associated with calcium-induced myelo...

Small-fiber sensory neuropathy with neuropathic pain had been a diagnostic challenge for neurologists. We and several groups have developed skin biopsy with quantitation of intraepidermal nerve fiber (IENF) density as a diagnostic approach. In the skin with small-fiber sensory neuropathy, there are pathological hallmarks: reduced IENF density with degeneration of subepidermal nerve plexuses and...

Axonal loss and degeneration are major factors in determining long-term outcome in patients with peripheral nerve disorders or injury. Following loss of axonal continuity, the isolated nerve stump distal to the lesion undergoes Wallerian degeneration in several phases. In the initial 'latent' phase, action potential propagation and structural integrity of the distal segment are maintained. The ...

The localization of (3)H-labeled cholesterol in nerves undergoing degeneration and regeneration was studied by radioautography at the electron microscope level. Two types of experiments were carried out: (a) Cholesterol-1,2-(3)H was injected intraperitoneally into suckling mice. 5 wk later, Wallerian degeneration was induced in the middle branch of the sciatic nerve, carefully preserving the co...