The U.S. Department of Energy has launched the commercial building initiative (CBI) in pursuit of its research goal of achieving zero-net-energy commercial buildings (ZNEB), i.e. ones that produce as much energy as they use. Its objective is to make these buildings marketable by 2025 such that they minimize their energy use through cutting-edge, energy-efficiency technologies and meet their rem...

Abstract European Union (EU) legislation is increasingly embracing the energy efficiency first (EE1st) principle. This principle seeks to prioritise measures whenever these involve lower costs society than generators, networks and other supply options while achieving same outcomes. study contributes quantitative evidence on relevance of EE1st by modelling impact moderate ambitious end-use assoc...

Traditional fossil fuels lead to environmental problems and are also depleting. A significant portion of global energy consumption is due to building’s air conditioning. Nowadays there is a great attention toward renewable and sustainable energy sources to support the buildings energy requirements. In this study, a solar cooling machine was designed for a three-floor residential building under ...

Advanced Photonics, co-published by SPIE and Chinese Laser Press, is a highly selective, Gold Open Access, international journal publishing innovative research in all areas of optics photonics, including fundamental applied research.

Historically, warm eras such as the Minoan Warm Period, Roman and Medieval Period were all where there was very little volcanic activity, with result that their atmospheres normally free of dimming SO2 aerosol emissions, This allowed world-wide temperatures to rise 2 4 degrees above current temperatures, causing droughts, famines, demise earlier cultures around world. Current Net-Zero activitie...

This paper describes an agent-based analysis approach to determine in which way a net zero house can be obtained. In particular, it addresses agent-based simulation to estimate annual energy usage for heating based on an air to water heat pump. Based on the introduced approach house owners will be able to decide on the specifications for further renewable energy production systems to be install...

Under rapid urbanization-induced global warming and resource depletion, growing interest in zero-energy building (ZEB) zero-emission technologies have emerged globally to improve energy performance homes shape sustainable cities. Although several countries released ZEB-enhanced strategies set national standards policies promote ZEBs, construction projects are still limited demonstration project...