Sir, The recent review article ‘Harnessing neuroplasticity for clinical applications’ (Cramer et al., 2011) is in many respects an impressively sophisticated summary of current knowledge of CNS plasticity and its potential translation to important new therapeutic applications. However, this otherwise excellent article has one very major omission: anyone reading it who did not already know bette...

We describe changes in neural organization and related aspects of processing after naturally occurring alterations in auditory, visual, and language experience. The results highlight the considerable differences in the degree and timeperiods of neuroplasticity displayed by different subsystems within vision, hearing, language and attention. We also describe results showing the two sides of neur...

Estrogen is necessary for the expression of phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF) in female rats. pLTF, a well-studied model respiratory neuroplasticity, characterized by progressive increase nerve amplitude following acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH). Gonadally-intact, adult rats only develop pLTF stages estrous cycle with high levels circulating estrogen. Removal ovaries (ovariectomy, OVX), pr...

In spite of its apparent symmetry, the spinal cord is asymmetric in reflexes and gene expression patterns including leftward bias opioid glutamate genes. To examine whether this a general phenomenon for neurotransmitter neurohormonal genes, we here characterized co-expression (transcriptionally coordinated) genes renin–angiotensin system (RAS) that involved neuroprotection pathological neuropla...

Received: 23 August 2016 Brain stimulation through feeble direct current has recently been declared as a new technique to induction of neuroplasticity of the cerebral cortex for improvement of neurological disorders like Schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases (PD). Although brain imaging and electroencephalography (EEG) are used in the early assessment of neurological disorders [1-...