Enteral nutrient is a potent glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretagogue. In vitro and animal studies indicate that GLP-1 has immune-modulatory and neuroprotective effects. To determine whether these immune-modulatory and neuroprotective effects of GLP-1 are beneficial in the critically ill, studies achieving pharmacological GLP-1 concentrations are warranted.

There are no conflicts of interest to declare. This study was supported solely by departmental sources. Summary Esmolol has neuroprotective effects in the acute phase of ischemia, although esmolol does not affect the duration of ischemic depolarization. Abstract Background: Neuroprotective effects of esmolol in laboratory and clinical settings have

The translocator protein of 18kDa (TSPO) is located in the outer mitochondrial membrane and is involved in the cholesterol transport into the mitochondria and in the regulation of steroidogenesis, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and apoptosis. TSPO ligands have been investigated as therapeutic agents that promote neuroprotective effects in experimental models of brain injury ...