Background and Aims: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the major pathogen in poultry. Vaccination is intended to control the disease as an effective solution nevertheless this virus is a growing threat to the poultry industry. F gene open reading frame (ORF) from NDV is 1650 bp, encoding a protein of 553 amino acids that can induce protective immunity alone. The F glycoprotein on the surf...

While many studies have shown that urbanization and land-use type significantly impact species richness and evenness, few studies have investigated the mechanisms by which these changes occur. A residential neighborhood at ASU-Polytechnic Campus has been designed with 4 different neighborhood landscape regimes and provides the ideal opportunity to explore how local neighborhood landscaping affe...