Activation of NF-kappaB is known to prevent apoptosis but may also act as proapoptotic factor in order to eliminate inflammatory cells. Here, we show that classical NF-kappaB activation in RAW 264.7 and bone marrow-derived macrophages upon short E. coli coculture is necessary to promote cell death at late time points. At 48 hours subsequent to short-term, E. coli challenge increased survival of...

introduction: evidence suggests that neuronal apoptosis in neurodegenerative diseases is correlated with inflammatory reactions. the beneficial or detrimental role of apoptosis in neuroinflammation is unclear. elucidating this question may be helpful in management of neurodegenerative diseases. since tnf-α is able to induce apoptosis as well as increased viability of the cells by activation of ...

Decolorization of aqueous solutions containing ionic dyes (Reactive Blue 19 and Acid Black 172) by a TFC commercial polyamide nanofilter (NF) in a spiral wound configuration was studied. The effect of operating parameters including feed concentration (60-180 mg/l), pressure (0.5-1.1 MPa) and pH (6-10) on dye removal efficiency was evaluated. The response surface method (RSM) was utilized for th...

In the epidermis of mice lacking transcription factor nuclear factorkappa B (NF-κB) activity, primary hair follicle (HF) pre-placode formation is initiated without progression to proper placodes. NF-κB modulates WNT and SHH signaling at early stages of HF development, but this does not fully account for the phenotypes observed upon NF-κB inhibition. To identify additional NF-κB target genes, we...

NF-κB is an important transcription factor that plays critical roles in cell survival, proliferation, inflammation, and cancers. Although the majority of experimentally identified functional NF-κB binding sites (κB sites) match the consensus sequence, there are plenty of non-functional NF-κB consensus sequences in the genome. We analyzed the surrounding sequences of the known κB sites that perf...

In the epidermis of mice lacking transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity, primary hair follicle (HF) pre-placode formation is initiated without progression to proper placodes. NF-κB modulates WNT and SHH signaling at early stages of HF development, but this does not fully account for the phenotypes observed upon NF-κB inhibition. To identify additional NF-κB target genes, w...

The sequence-specific transcription factor NF-Y binds the CCAAT box, one of the sequence elements most frequently found in eukaryotic promoters. NF-Y is composed of the NF-YA and NF-YB/NF-YC subunits, the latter two hosting histone-fold domains (HFDs). The crystal structure of NF-Y bound to a 25 bp CCAAT oligonucleotide shows that the HFD dimer binds to the DNA sugar-phosphate backbone, mimicki...

After dorsal root crush, dramatic ultrastructural differences are observed between regenerated dorsal root axonal endings that are physically blocked at a ligation neuroma and those that are allowed to form axo-glial endings among the astrocytes at the dorsal root transitional zone (DRTZ). Physically blocked axonal endings swell immensely with membranous organelles and neurofilaments (NFs) whil...