Next-generation network (NGN) is a new concept and becoming important for future telecommunications networks. This paper illustrates five function layers of NGN architecture and discusses some end-to-end QoS (quality of service) for NGN (called NGNQoS) as: (1) One Application Layer that supports SIP protocol; (2) Network Control Layer that aims at overcoming the bottleneck problem at edge nodes...

Protecting against DOS or DDOS attacks can be regarded as one of the most difficult problems on the Internet today. One solution to thwart these attacks is to trace the source of the attacks. However, it is not easy to trace since the attackers usually use the spoofed IP source addresses to hide his or her network location. The key problem includes how to identify the “real” sources of the atta...

The objective of this research work is to provide the IP Multimedia Subsystem of UMTS with a SIPbased mechanism for managing the interaction, composition and reuse of a limited number of standardized Service Capabilities in order to develop the Next Generation Network (NGN) services. The service invocation mechanism that we propose in this paper is extensible to deal with the interaction and co...

Next Generation Networks (NGN, [1]) was the buzzword last year. Different people imagine different things when they think of NGN. How can this concept be defined? NGN is the application of Internet, IP and IT solutions to Telecom Services, including (but not only) the integration and sometimes the substitution of circuit switching with packet switching either for trunking or for access. Surpris...

Purpose: Integrated management system (IMS) assumes a crucial part in the administration of hierarchical issues and that connect with work whether formal or casual. Theoretical Framework: The way IMS consolidates different frameworks all alone guarantee positive result creates it brilliant framework can ensure authoritative greatness. Despite fact is situation, contention has been how much migh...

Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical care (PC) intervention versus usual care (UC) in the management of type 2 diabetes. Methods: This study was a randomized, controlled study with a 12-month patient follow-up in two Nigerian tertiary hospitals. One hundred and ten patients were randomly assigned to each of the “intervention” (PC) and the “control” (UC) groups. Patients...

Next Generation Network (NGN) is envisioned to be an internetworking environment of heterogeneous networks to offer next generation services anywhere, anytime. It integrates the services of 2G/3G/4G networks by incorporating IPv4/IPv6 into a single service platform with Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS). Several efforts have been carried out by researchers to integrate MPLS technology into ...

To identify the reservoirs of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157, sensitive detection andisolation methods are necessary. The sensitivity of traditional culture methods can be improved significantlyby the inclusion of an immunoconcentration step, resulting in less false-negative results. In this study,enrichment procedure and immunomagnetic separation (IMS) were compared for use in con...