Most arylamines are pro-carcinogens, and require metabolic activation to yield ultimate carcinogen metabolites. O-Acetylation of the N-hydroxy form of an arylamine yields an acetoxyarylamine, which can form a highly reactive arylnitrenium ion, the ultimate metabolite responsible for DNA adduct formation. However, we demonstrate here that the N-hydroxy and nitroso forms of arylamines can also in...

A method für the determination of N-nitrosoalkanolamines in cosmetics and toiletries is described. The ingredients used in their manufacture N-nitroso-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine (N-nitrosodiethanolamine, NDELA) and N-nitroso-bis-(2-hydroxy-propyl)amine (NBHPA) are almost exclusively the contaminants. The method has therefore been modified for their determination. N-Nitroso-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-(2-h...

Nitric oxide (NO) derived from the activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) is involved in S-nitrosylation of key sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) handling proteins. Deficient S-nitrosylation of the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) has a variable effect on SR Ca(2+) leak/sparks in isolated myocytes, likely dependent on the underlying physiological state. It remains unknown, however,...

Emerging evidence supports the importance of nitroso-redox balance in the cardiovascular system. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a major oxidative enzyme and increased XOR activity, leading to both increased production of reactive oxygen species and uric acid, is implicated in heart failure. Within the heart, XOR activity stimulates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, and impairs matrix stru...

Endothelium-derived relaxing factor has been recently identified as nitric oxide. The purpose of this study was to determine if vasodilator drugs that generate nitric oxide inhibit vascular smooth muscle mitogenesis and proliferation in culture. Three chemically dissimilar vasodilators, sodium nitroprusside, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine and isosorbide dinitrate, dose-dependently inhibited se...

K-ra.v oncogene mutation has been shown to be a frequent event in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas induced by the carcinogen V-nitroso-bis(2-oxopropyl)amine in the hamster. The present study exam ines the mutational status of the K-r«.v oncogene in lesions that precede the appearance of invasive ductal adenocarcinomas. Syrian golden ham sters (80-100 g) received 12 weekly doses of 15 mg/kg A'...

The results with the combination therapy were markedly positive, meeting the composite end point of the trial, which included death from any cause, a first hospitalization for heart failure, and quality-oflife measures. In addition, there was an impressive reduction in the rate of death from any cause of approximately 45 percent, leading to an early termination of the study. This trial raises f...

In the unit cell of the title compound, C(5)H(7)N(3)O, there are two conformers (A and B) which differ in the position of the oxime group with respect to the protonated pyrazole nitro-gen (trans in the A conformer and cis in the B conformer) and in the geometric parameters. The oxime group exists in the nitroso form in both conformers. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular N-...

Embryonal kidney cell tumors develop in rats given the alkylating agent N-nitroso-N'-methylurea as neonates. These tumors resemble the childhood Wilms tumors in their histopathology. Deletions and mutations in the Wilms tumor suppressor gene, WT1, are present in up to 6% of childhood nephroblastomas. To investigate the role of WT1 in rat kidney tumorigenesis, we studied the genetic alterations ...

A 24 hour gastric aspiration study was carried out on nine Polya gastrectomy, eight pernicious anaemia, and nine matched control subjects. Intragastric pH, bacteria, nitrite, and N-nitroso compounds were assessed half hourly whilst ambulant and hourly when in bed. Both total and nitrate reducing bacterial counts were positively related to pH (chi 2 = 279.3; p less than 0.001), as was nitrite co...