IMPORTANCE The effectiveness of perioperative β-blockade in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery remains controversial. OBJECTIVE To determine the associations of early perioperative exposure to β-blockers with 30-day postoperative outcome in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS A retrospective cohort analysis evaluating exposure to β-blockers on the day o...

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection is recognized as a major contributory factor to many diseases, but recommended eradication therapies demonstrated unsatisfactory eradication rates. Currently, some studies suggested that lactobacillus species have an inhibitory action on Helicobacter pylori both in vitro and in vivo. OBJECTIVE this meta-analysis broadly examined the efficacy of eradica...

BACKGROUND AND AIM Postpolypectomy haemorrhage (PPH) is a known adverse event that can occur following polypectomy, occurring in 0.3-6.1% of cases. Previous meta-analysis has included small polyps, which are less likely to bleed, and less amenable to some methods of mechanical haemostasis. No comprehensive cost-benefit analysis of this topic is available. The aim of this study was to perform a ...

BACKGROUND The number needed to treat (NNT) is an absolute effect measure that has been used to assess beneficial and harmful effects of medical interventions. Several methods can be used to calculate NNTs, and they should be applied depending on the different study characteristics, such as the design and type of variable used to measure outcomes. Whether or not the most recommended methods hav...

Abstract Introduction Patients with insomnia disorder have difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep and impaired daytime functioning. Daridorexant is a dual orexin receptor antagonist approved for the treatment of insomnia. This analysis reports number needed to treat (NNT), harm (NNH), likelihood be helped harmed (LHH) daridorexant 25 mg 50 versus placebo over 3 months. Methods Phase data fr...

The study "Alexander" on bacterial resistance to antibiotics conducted in Poland revealed high sensitivity of bacterial strains to simple and cheap antibiotics. In Poland pharmacoeconomic studies on the safety, effectiveness and costs of treatment are rare. Development of therapeutic standards in bacterial infections on the basis of pharmacoeconomic analyses and clinical studies determining eff...

Abstract Background Upadacitinib (UPA) demonstrated efficacy and safety as induction maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis (UC) in Phase 3 trials U-ACHIEVE (NCT02819635) U-ACCOMPLISH (NCT03653026). This post-hoc analysis aims to characterise the benefit-risk profile of UPA vs placebo (PBO) patients (pts) with moderately severely active UC based on a number needed treat/harm (NNT/NNH) analy...

In the editorial by Drs Marx and Bucher in the March/April 2003 issue of Evidence-Based Medicine, an example illustrating the application of estimates of RRRs to individual risk is misleading. In their example, Marx and Bucher state that the NNTwould increase in patients with a baseline risk 11 times that of the low risk group, which is counterintuitive. If a high risk patient is judged to have...

CONTEXT Droperidol is widely used for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in European countries. It is unclear how efficacious low-dose droperidol is in the prevention of PONV. OBJECTIVES To test the efficacy of low-dose droperidol in the prevention of PONV in adults and to test for dose-responsiveness. DESIGN Systematic review of randomised controlled trials with met...

OBJECTIVE Managed care and other decision makers need sound comparative information to support the formulary selection process and reimbursement decisions for the treatment of migraine. The objective of this study was to compare currently marketed triptan therapies using number-needed-to-treat (NNT) and doses-needed-to-treat (DNT) measures. DNT was further used to derive triptan treatment cost ...