24 The emergence of drug-resistant herpesviruses represents a significant problem in clinical practice, primarily 25 in immunocompromised patients. Furthermore, effective antiviral therapy against gammaherpesvirus26 associated diseases is lacking. Here, we present two thiothymidine derivatives, KAY-2-41 and KAH-39-149, 27 with different spectrum of antiviral activity compared to reference anti-...

Abstract Introduction Narcolepsy type 1 is caused by selective loss of orexinergic neurons, resulting in poor maintenance sleep and wakefulness, emergence cataplexy. Orexinergic neurons innervate many brain regions, specific narcolepsy symptoms likely arise from dysfunction distinct regions. Orexin 2 receptors (OX2R) are expressed nearly all wake- REM sleep-regulatory OX2R agonists improve mous...

Satellite measurements of tropospheric NO2 columns are valuable for monitoring long-term changes in air quality. However, direct linkage satellite-derived trends with underlying NOx emissions and surface concentrations is complicated by the contribution background to column, chemical regime wherein take place, data sampling differences. Here we study 2005–2018 nitrogen oxides over polluted Neth...

Our purpose was to determine whether exposure to a realistic concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) could increase the bronchial sensitivity of asthmatic patients to bronchoconstrictor agents. We established dose-response curves for changes in specific airway resistance (SRaw) in response to aerosolized carbachol in 20 asthmatics after each had spent 1 h in an exposure chamber breathing on one...

In the past decades, continuous efforts have been made at a national level to reduce Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) emissions in the atmosphere over China. However, public concern and related research mostly deal with tropospheric NO2 columns rather than ground-level NO2 concentrations, but actually ground-level NO2 concentrations are more closely related to anthropogenic emissions, and directly affect...

In the Southern Ocean, the nitrogen (N) isotopes of organic matter and the N and oxygen (O) isotopes of nitrate (NO3 ) have been used to investigate NO3 assimilation and N cycling in the summertime period of phytoplankton growth, both today and in the past. However, recent studies indicate the significance of processes in other seasons for producing the annual cycle of N isotope changes. This s...

Concerns about the health effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and its role in forming deleterious atmospheric species have made it desirable to have low-cost, sensitive ambient measurements of NO2. We have developed a continuous-wave laser-diode laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) system for NO2 that operates at ambient pressure, thereby eliminating the need for an expensive pumping system. The curr...