fatty liver is a metabolic disorder of dairy cows in early lactation, and approximately half of multi-parous dairy cows experience a moderate to severe fatty liver at calving. since the occurrence of fatty liver in buffalo is not known, the aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatic content of triacylglycerols (tag) and total lipids (tl), and the serum content of non-esterified fatty acids (...

The fetal demand for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has to be satisfied by the mother. We determined the fatty acids in maternal plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), triacylglycerol (TAG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), in a cross-sectional study of non-pregnant (n = 10), pregnant (n = 19), and postpartum (n = 9) women. There were lipid class-dependent differences in plasma polyunsaturated fatty ...

Electrophilic nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FAs) are endogenously formed by redox reactions of nitric oxide ((.)NO)- and nitrite ((.)NO2)- derived nitrogen dioxide with unsaturated fatty acids. Nitration preferentially occurs on polyunsaturated fatty acids with conjugated dienes under physiological or pathophysiological conditions such as during digestion, metabolism and as adaptive inflammatory proce...

In a glycerol auxotroph of Staphylococcus aureus, the deprivation of glycerol affected the formation of certain membrane components. (i) There was synthesis of fatty acids at the predeprivation rate even though the fatty acids synthesized accumulated as free fatty acids rather than as esterified fatty acids; (ii) there was a complete cessation of phospholipid and vitamin K isoprenologue biosynt...

Chylomicron triglyceride and lecithin obtained after feeding mixtures of three or four free fatty acids to rats were hydrolyzed using pancreatic lipase and phospholipase A respectively. The distribution of fatty acid mass and radioactivity in the substrate materials and in the cleavage products was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. The incorporation of exogenous (labeled) fatty acids int...

The regulation of the extramitochondrial fatty acid oxidation pathways located in the peroxisomes and the endoplasmic reticulum is not fully understood. Although both long-chain dicarboxylic fatty acids, which are poorly metabolized in hepatocytes, and non-beta-oxidizable fatty acid analogs induce peroxisomal beta-oxidation and liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) by a pretranslational mec...

We examined brain phospholipid metabolism in mice in which the cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2,) Type IV, 85 kDa) was knocked out (cPLA(2)(-/-) mice). Compared with controls, these mice demonstrated altered brain concentrations of several phospholipids, reduced esterified linoleate, arachidonate, and docosahexaenoate in choline glycerophospholipid, and reduced esterified arachidonate in ph...

Diabetes leads to a marked increase in cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis. Cardiovascular complications of diabetes are associated with lipid abnormalities, mainly manifested as elevated levels of triglycerides. Hydrolysis of triglycerides by lipases in the arterial wall is believed to cause increased levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) in lesions of atherosclerosis. Rece...

Nitric oxide (*NO) and its reactive metabolites mediate the oxidation, nitration, and nitrosation of DNA bases, amino acids, and lipids. Here, we report the structural characterization and quantitation of two allylic nitro derivatives of linoleic acid (LNO(2)), present as both free and esterified species in human red cell membranes and plasma lipids. The LNO(2) isomers 10-nitro-9-cis, 12-cis-oc...