The cationic nickel(II) complexes [(η-C3H5)Ni(SbPh3)2][B(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)4] (2) and [(η3C3H5)Ni(SbPh3)2][Al(OC(CF3)3)4] (3) were prepared and their polymerization activities in aqueous systems were compared with [(η-C3H5)Ni(η-BHT)][B(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)4] (1) (BHT ) 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene). Cispolybutadiene is formed in nonaqueous solution polymerization. The presence of water decreases ...

Selected alkaloids are chromatographed on cyanopropyl-silica thin layers using various nonaqueous and aqueous eluents. Because of the strong retention of these basic compounds, nonaqueous eluents containing medium polar diluents, strongly polar modifiers, and silanol blockers (ammonia or diethylamine) are required for separation. Likewise, aqueous eluents containing modifiers (acetonitrile, met...

Combination of the surfactant-free nonaqueous sol–gel approach with the microwave technique makes it possible to synthesize Fe3O4, CoFe2O4, MnFe2O4, and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles of about 5–6 nm and with high crystallinity and good morphological uniformity. The synthesis involves the reaction of metal acetates or acetylacetonates as precursors with benzyl alcohol at 170 C under microwave irradiatio...

The effects of electronic polarization in biomolecular interactions will differ depending on the local dielectric constant of the environment, such as in solvent, DNA, proteins, and membranes. Here the performance of the AMOEBA polarizable force field is evaluated under nonaqueous conditions by calculating the solvation free energies of small molecules in four common organic solvents. Results a...

Recent studies exploring the relationship between enzymatic catalysis and protein dynamics in the aqueous phase have yielded evidence that dynamics and enzyme activity are strongly correlated. Given that protein dynamics are significantly attenuated in organic solvents and that proteins exhibit a wide range of motions depending on the specific solvent environment, the nonaqueous milieu provides...

7-Azaindole is the chromophoric moiety of 7-azatryptophan, which is an alternative to tryptophan as an optical probe of protein structure and dynamics. The great power of the 7-azaindole chromophore is that it is red shifted both in absorption and emission from tryptophan, that its fluorescence decay is single exponential in water under appropriate conditions, and that its emission is sensitive...

Greenhouse grown seedlings of corn (Zea mays L.) and foxtail (Setaria faberii Herrm.) were used as source material in determining the intracellular localization of nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, and glutamic acid dehydrogenase, Nonaqueous and aqueous isolation techniques were used to establish that nitrite reductase is localized within the chloroplasts, but that nitrate reductase and glu...

The electrochemical properties of cytochrome c (cyt c) immobilized on multilayer nanozeolite-modified electrodes have been examined in aqueous and nonaqueous solutions. Layers of Linde type-L zeolites were assembled on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass electrodes followed by the adsorption of cyt c, primarily via electrostatic interactions, onto modified ITO electrodes. The heme protein displayed a ...