To explain the size effect found in the testing of plastic behavior of metals on the micrometer scale, four theories of strain-gradient plasticity, representing generalizations of the deformation theory of plasticity, have been developed since 1993––the pioneering original theory of Fleck and Hutchinson in two subsequent versions, the mechanism-based strain-gradient (MSG) plasticity of Gao and ...

Based on fundamental equations of the elasticity theory, a unified higher-order shear deformation theory is developed for bending and free vibration analysis functionally graded (FG) microplates with porosities. The modified strain gradient employed to capture size effects. Bi-directional series hybrid shape functions are used solve problems. Several important effects including thickness-to-mat...

In this paper we derive a strain gradient plate model from the three-dimensional equations of strain gradient linearized elasticity. The deduction is based on the asymptotic analysis with respect of a small real parameter being the thickness of the elastic body we consider. The body is constituted by a second gradient isotropic linearly elastic material. The obtained model is recognized as a st...

In this article, the free vibration behavior of nanoscale FG rectangular plates is studied within the framework of the refined plate theory (RPT) and small-scale effects are taken into account. Using the nonlocal elasticity theory, the governing equations are derived for single-layered FG nanoplate. The Navier’s method is employed to obtain closed-form solutions for rectangular nanoplates assum...

The paper deals with the problem of nonlocal generalization of constitutive models such as microplane model M4 for concrete, in which the yield limits, called stress–strain boundaries, are softening functions of the total strain. Such constitutive models call for a different nonlocal generalization than those for continuum damage mechanics, in which the total strain is reversible, or for plasti...

surface and small scale effects on free transverse vibration of a single-walled carbon nanotube (swcnt) fitted with y-junction at downstream end conveying viscose fluid is investigated in this article based on euler-bernoulli beam (ebb) model. nonlocal elasticity theory is employed to consider small scale effects due to its simplicity and efficiency. the energy method and hamilton’s principle a...

Based on the standard finite element method, a new finite element method which is known as nonlocal finite element method (NL-FEM) is numerically implemented in this article to study the nonlocal effects for solving 1D nonlocal elastic problem. An Eringen-type nonlocal elastic model is considered. In this model, the constitutive stress-strain law is expressed interms of integral equation which ...