The field of socially assistive robotics (SAR) aims to build robots that help people through social interaction. Human social interaction involves complex systems of behavior, and modeling these systems is one goal of SAR. Nonverbal behaviors, such as eye gaze and gesture, are particularly amenable to modeling through machine learning because the effects of the system—the nonverbal behaviors th...

Nonverbal communication has been noticed for centuries1 and recently has become a major focus of attention for researchers and practitioners in many different fields. Although nonverbal communication has been subjected to intensive scientific study for over twenty-five years,3 lawyers have just begun to realize what others have long known: nonverbal behavior is extremely important in determinin...

Faces are crucial for nonverbal communication in humans and related species. From the first moments of life, newborn infants prefer to look at human faces over almost any other form of stimuli. Since this finding was first observed, there has been much debate regarding the "special" nature of face processing. Researchers have put forward numerous developmental models that attempt to account for...

BACKGROUND Whether there is an unusual degree of unevenness in the cognitive abilities of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and whether different cognitive profiles among children with ASD might index etiologically significant subgroups are questions of continued debate in autism research. METHOD The Differential Ability Scales (DAS) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (...

Aim: Longitudinal analysis of verbal and nonverbal deficits and skills and their contribution to clinical presentation in children and adults with ESSENCE/Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations. Methods: Forty school children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or both were contrasted with 21 similarly ag...

BACKGROUND Mobile phoned-based interventions have been increasingly used in clinical populations to improve health and health care delivery. The literature has shown that mobile phone-based text messages (short message service, SMS) are instantaneous, cost effective, and have less chance of being misplaced. Studies using mobile phone based-text messages have reported text messages as effective ...

This guide provides a basic overview of 16 child nonverbal IQ measures and uses a set of specified criteria to evaluate them in terms of their psychometric properties. In doing so, the goal is neither to validate nor to criticize current uses of IQ but to (a) familiarize clinicians and investigators with the variety of nonverbal IQ measures currently available, (b) highlight some of the importa...

As the basis of generating nonverbal expressions in animated agents, this paper proposes factors that account for cultural difference in nonverbal behaviors in negotiation interaction. First, we introduce theories of negotiation and cultural characteristics. Then, our analysis of human interaction in negotiation conversations in CUBE-G corpus is described. Finally, by integrating cultural and n...

Does autism involve a deficit in intersubjective engagement with other persons? We studied nonverbal communication in children and adolescents with and without autism (n = 12 per group), group-matched for chronological age and verbal mental age, during 3 min of a videotaped interview. In keeping with previous studies, there were only subtle but potentially revealing group differences on behavio...

Facial expression of emotion is a foundational aspect of social interaction and nonverbal communication. In this study, we use a computer-animated 3D facial tool to investigate how dynamic properties of a smile are perceived. We created smile animations where we systematically manipulated the smile's angle, extent, dental show, and dynamic symmetry. Then we asked a diverse sample of 802 partici...