This work is set out to quantify the contribution of tropical and extratropical atmospheric forcing mechanisms to the formation of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) pattern. Although the NAO varies on a wide range of time scales, we focus on 10 60 d. At these time scales, mechanisms are at play in the atmosphere that can generate the characteristic dipole pattern. We focus on the tropical Ro...

1. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) exerts considerable control on U.K. weather. This study investigates the impact of the NAO on butterfly abundance and phenology using 34 years of data from the U.K. Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (UKBMS).2. The study uses a multi-species indicator to show that the NAO does not affect overall U.K. butterfly population size. However, the abundance of bivoltine...

There have been several advances in understanding the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), but there are still uncertainties regarding its level of influence on tropical climate. That is why this work determines NAO main hydrometeorological events that affected Cuba 1999–2016 period. To comply with this, a regression analysis carried out CurveExpert software where combined and El Niño-Southern als...

[1] Ice core-derived accumulation records from Greenland have been proposed as proxies for North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) reconstruction. In a series of single-site analyses, accumulation records from ice cores drilled in western Greenland were found to exhibit the strongest linear association with NAO. In this paper, we expand on these findings by proposing a spatiotemporal statistical model...

Understanding the influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on North Atlantic (NAO) is critical significance for seasonal prediction. The present study found that both Niño3.4 sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) intensity and east-west gradient in mid-low latitude Pacific determine linkage between ENSO NAO. Based SSTA gradient, events are classified into three types: strong intensity,...

[1] Analysis of new data for eight stations in coastal southern Greenland, 1958–2001, shows a significant cooling (trend-line change 1.29 C for the 44 years), as do sea-surface temperatures in the adjacent part of the Labrador Sea, in contrast to global warming (+0.53 C over the same period). The land and sea temperature series follow similar patterns and are strongly correlated but with no obv...

During the twentieth century sea surface temperatures in the Atlantic Ocean exhibited prominent multidecadal variations. The source of such variations has yet to be rigorously established—but the question of their impact on climate can be investigated. Here we report on a set of multimodel experiments to examine the impact of patterns of warming in the North Atlantic, and cooling in the South A...

Using the extension of Monte Carlo Singular System Analysis (MC SSA), based on evaluating and testing the regularity of the dynamics of the SSA modes against the colored noise null hypothesis, we demonstrate detection of oscillatory modes with period of about 27 months in records of monthly average near-surface air temperature from several European locations, as well as in the monthly North Atl...

The impact of teleconnections upon the surface climate has largely been examined via a response in monthly mean temperature or total precipitation. In this paper, a different approach is undertaken, by examining the response of synoptic weather-type frequencies to different teleconnection phases. For over 330 stations in the USA and Canada, the Spatial Synoptic Classification scheme has classif...

Rainfall erosivity is the ability of precipitation to erode soil. Microerosion processes due to the impact of raindrops on the soil – rainsplash – represent an important mechanism of detachment of soil particles, which might be removed thereafter by surface runoff. The annual and interannual patterns of rainfall erosivity are controlled by the variability of rainfall intensity. This study analy...