Nowadays, a vast amount of information concerning all aspects of human activity is digitised with the goal of profit. One of the most prominent examples is the music industry that now markets audio data mainly in the form of MPEG Audio Layer 3 files rather than on CDs or DVDs. The MP3 audio files are distributed as digital files through various communication means and can easily be copied and r...

The techniques of waste water treatment have reached nowadays a very advanced stage of development. As a result of the importance that must be attributed to this area, the Commission on Water Quality of IUPAC has decided to give a survey of processes which are used now. Beside the conventional mechanical and biological waste water treatment preferably flocculation, precipitation, adsorption, ev...

Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is now accepted as a cornerstone modality for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) ablation (1). The technique has been started with focal pulmonary vein (PV) ablation of AF triggers or ostial isolation of the PVs (2-5). Nowadays, wide circumferential ablation of the PV antrum is the preferred approach (6). The potential role of different non-PV t...

Security services need to be considered as part of most communication proposals being discussed nowadays in distributed communication environments. Additionally, in the last few years, privacy has been gaining interest from both the designers and the customers of security solutions, thus being considered now as a key aspect for them. For a good security and/or privacy design, one needs to be in...