This paper presents a new simulation method for flower blossom, which is based on a biological observation that flower opening is caused by a boundary-dominant morphological transition in a curved lamina. We use an elastic triangular mesh to represent a flower petal and adopt the in-plane expansion to induce the global bending. Out-of-plane curl plays an auxiliary role in reducing the curvature...

We present a model for the gradual evolution towards dioecy in cosexual plants with geitonogamous selfing. We show how geitonogamous selfing (i.e., transfer of pollen between flowers on the same plant) can facilitate the evolution of dioecy (i.e., separate male and female individuals) in cosexual plants (i.e., both sexual functions on the same plant). We study the effect of parameters such as i...

Flavonoids and phenolics are abundant in loquat flowers. Methanol had the highest extraction efficiency among five solvents, followed by ethanol. Considering the safety and residue, ethanol is better as extraction solvent. The average content of flavonoids and phenolics of loquat flower of five cultivars were 1.59 ± 0.24 and 7.86 ± 0.87 mg/g DW, respectively, when using ethanol as extraction so...

Vaults are nanoscale, ribonucleoprotein capsules (41 nm × 41 nm × 72.5 nm [1]) comprised primarily of 96 self-assembled copies of one 96 kDa protein, termed MVP (major vault protein). When deposited on polylysine-coated mica and imaged using cryoelectron microscopy, vaults appear to “open” into flower-like structures with eight rectangular ‘petals’ [2]. Upon closer examination, each ‘flower’ co...

in order to study the effect of water deficit stress and different nitrogen levels on flower yield, yield components and water use efficiency of calendula officinalis l., an experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications, at research field of islamic azad university, birjand branch in 2009. in this experiment, irrigation treatments (irri...

African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) is one of the most well-known ornamental, medicinal and edible flowers in world. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with 20 treatments 3 replications, 60 plots 5 plants per plot were conducted order to investigate effect amino acids growth, nutritional parameters antioxidant capacity marigold. Experimental included two cultivars (‘Y...

this experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications in 2012 at university of zabol. experimental treatments included phosphorus fertilizer at three levels of 0, 100 and 200 kg.ha-1 as the first factor and foliar humic acid at four levels of 0, 750, 1500, 2250 g.1000 l water as the second factor. results showed phosphorus treatment had significant effect on ...

The development of reproductive organs in Antirrhinum depends on the expression of an organ identity gene, plena, in the central domain of the floral meristem. To investigate the mechanism by which plena is regulated, we have characterised three mutants in which the pattern of plena expression is altered. In polypetala mutants, expression of plena is greatly reduced, resulting in a proliferatio...