The current paper provides an analysis of the potential number of cancer cases that might be prevented if half the U.S. population increased its fruit and vegetable consumption by one serving each per day. This number is contrasted with an upper-bound estimate of concomitant cancer cases that might be theoretically attributed to the intake of pesticide residues arising from the same additional ...

OBJECTIVES It is important to control the quality level of the observational studies in conducting meta-analyses. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) is a representative tool used for this purpose. We investigated the relationship between high-quality (HQ) defined using NOS and the results of subgroup analysis according to study design. METHODS We selected systematic review studies with meta-ana...

Valid information is crucial when collecting and analyzing food intake data in population surveys. In the latter half of the 20th century, ecological studies in Japanese immigrants living in Hawaii and in the continental United States suggested that the degree of incorporation of the Western lifestyle could influence the occurrence of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Due to the lack of indiv...

The food frequency questionnaire approach to dietary assessment is ubiquitous in nutritional epidemiology research. Food records and recalls provide approaches that may also be adaptable for use in large epidemiologic cohorts, if warranted by better measurement properties. The authors collected (2007-2009) a 4-day food record, three 24-hour dietary recalls, and a food frequency questionnaire fr...

Evaluating the hypothesis that dietary fat intake in adult life is positively related to breast cancer risk has been a major challenge in nutritional epidemiology since the 1970s. The fact that we are still debating the issue in 1998 illustrates how difficult it is to obtain agreement on epidemiological evidence when hypothesized RRs are modest. The debate also depends on beliefs about the rela...

OBJECTIVE To examine statistical models that account for correlation between random errors of different dietary assessment methods, in dietary validation studies. SETTING In nutritional epidemiology, sub-studies on the accuracy of the dietary questionnaire measurements are used to correct for biases in relative risk estimates induced by dietary assessment errors. Generally, such validation st...

Publications from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children that used empirically derived dietary patterns were reviewed. The relationships of dietary patterns with socioeconomic background and childhood development were examined. Diet was assessed using food frequency questionnaires and food records. Three statistical methods were used: principal components analysis, cluster analysis...

J Can Chiropr Assoc 2014; 58(3) 1 Professor and Canada Research Chair in Spinal Function, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph 3 Assistant Professor and CCRF Chair in Spine Mechanics and Neurophysiology, Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph 4 Assistant Prof...

The Eighth Annual Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research meeting was held in Houston, Texas, in November 2009. This report highlights significant presentations that advance the fields of chemoprevention, clinical trial recruitment and retention, cancer screening including optical imaging, energy balance, and nutritional epidemiology, and health communications and decision making. In findings f...

Estimating equations have found wide popularity recently in parametric problems, yielding consistent estimators with asymptotically valid inferences obtained via the sandwich formula. Motivated by a problem in nutritional epidemiology, we use estimating equations to derive nonparametric estimators of a \parameter" depending on a predictor. The nonparametric component is estimated via local poly...