The hydroxyapatite (HAP) with variable chemical substitutions has been considered as the major component in the mineralized part of bones. Various metastable crystalline phases have been suggested as transitory precursors of HAP in bone, but there are no consensuses as to the nature of these phases and their temporal evolution. In the present study, we cultured rat calvarial osteoblasts with as...

63 Introduction Bone defects attributed to serious periodontitis, trauma, and injury are commonly encountered in the fields of dentistry, craniofacial surgery, and orthopedics. Although autogenous bone grafting is still considered the gold standard for treatment, this process has several drawbacks, such as the requirement of a second surgery and the limited availability of collectable bone [1]....

The driving force and nucleation rate of calcium phosphate (Ca-P) precipitation in simulated body fluid (SBF) were analyzed based on the classical crystallization theory. SBF supersaturation with respect to hydroxyapatite (HA), octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and dicalcium phosphate (DCPD) was carefully calculated, considering all the association/dissociation reactions of related ion groups in SBF....

The biomineralization of bovine pericardium (BP) heart valve bioprostheses was investigated by simulation of the process under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The nature and composition of calcific deposits that formed in human heart valve bioprostheses were compared with the mineral formed on BP discs immersed in a calcifying medium or subcutaneously implanted into Sprague-Dawley rats. The ea...

Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (ACP) is an essential mineral phase formed in mineralized tissues and the first commercial product as artificial hydroxyapatite. ACP is unique among all forms of calcium phosphates in that it lacks long-range, periodic atomic scale order of crystalline calcium phosphates. The X-ray diffraction pattern is broad and diffuse with a maximum at 25 degree 2 theta, and no o...

The chitosan/alginate-trace element-codoped octacalcium phosphate/nano-sized bioactive glass (CS/ALG-teOCP/nBG) composite membranes were prepared by a layer-by-layer coating method for the functional requirement of guided bone regeneration (GBR). The morphology, mechanical properties and moisture content of the membranes was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, mechanical ...

Basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals are associated with severe osteoarthritis and acute periarticular inflammation. Three main forms of BCP crystals have been identified from pathological tissues: octacalcium phosphate, carbonate-substituted apatite, and hydroxyapatite. We investigated the proinflammatory effects of these BCP crystals in vitro with special regard to the involvement of the NL...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis that occurs in humans. Despite its prevalence, the pathogenesis of OA is not fully understood. Intraarticular basic calcium phosphate (BCP) (an inclusive term for partially carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite, octacalcium phosphate and tricalcium phosphate) crystals are implicated in OA and are associated with severe degenerative arthrit...