Medial longitudinal fasciculus lesion; Internuclear ophthalmoplegia; Horizontal gaze abnormality; Multiple sclerosis Abstract Introduction: Lesions in medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) produce internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) with characteristic horizontal gaze abnormality. Here, the author reports a rare clinical spectrum of internuclear ophthalmoplegia called Cogan’s anterior internuclea...

Nearly 68% of patients with cutis marmorata have a congenital abnormality, the most common being body asymmetry. Cutis marmorata has also been shown to be associated with the chiari malformations, macrocephaly, hemimegalencephaly, bilateral cortical dysplasia, calvarial haemangioma and cavum septi pellucidum cysts.2 In fact, this subset of patients may have developmental delay and are now class...

Objective: Colour vision is a function of three types of cone pigments present in retina. Any abnormality in the cone pigments may cause deficiency of colour vision which is called as colour blindness. The incidence of Colour vision deficiency varies from race to race and different in different geographical areas. Colour is very important sign used in medical profession, but there is no effecti...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between chronic cigarette smoking and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). METHODS This study enrolled 322 smokers with MGD and 2067 non-smokers with MGD. All enrolled subjects were tested in the following sequence: Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), tear film breakup time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), Schirmer I test...

The telecanthus-hypospadias (BBB) syndrome is characterised by widely spaced inner ocular canthi and hypospadias of variable degree. Heterozygous females have telecanthus. We have summarised the historical and phenotypic findings of 21 patients in seven previous publications. We have also had the opportunity to evaluate personally 12 families with a total of 18 affected males. The most frequent...

The purpose of this study is to obtain normative values of the masseter muscle of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients and healthy volunteers by single-fiber electromyography (SFEMG). Stimulation of SFEMG in the masseter muscle was studied in 15 healthy volunteers (men 8, women 7; mean age 40.2, range 21-77) and 30 patients affected by MG (men 16, women 14; mean age 42.8, range 12-75). The mean cons...

PURPOSE To describe the ophthalmic manifestations in a series of children with congenital lamellar ichthyosis. These cases presented with varying types of eyelid abnormality associated with the systemic disease. The clinical features and ophthalmic management were studied. METHODS The case histories of three children presenting to the oculoplastic clinic were reviewed. All were diagnosed with...

An epidemiological study of cerebrovascular disease in Akabane and Asahi, Japan, was made. (These cities are located near Nagoy, Japan.) The study population included 4,737 men and women aged 40 to 79 at the time of entry into the study. There were 4,186 persons who were examined and, of these, 264 cases of cerebrovascular attacks were observed between 1964 and 1970. The incidence rate of strok...

skeletal abnormalities are most often used to describe defects in the arms or legs that are associated with genes or chromosomes, or that occur due to an event that happens during pregnancy. spider lamb syndrome (sls) is a congenital disorder in sheep breeding that is recognized by some deformities in skeletal system especially in the limbs.a dead day-old cross-breed white lamb with deformed li...

AIMS To determine if testing vertical optokinetic nystagmus (VOKN) has a role in the clinical assessment of infants and children. METHODS A large field projection system was developed with which optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) could be stimulated in any direction. Gross abnormalities in the response were detected simply by observation. RESULTS VOKN was tested in 144 children using this OKN proj...