A 65–yrs-old man referred for an ocular discomfort and red eye. The clinical diagnosis was leech in the left eye and its species confirmed as being Limnatis nilotica. Ocular leech infestation should be considered in patients with a history of swimming or washing their face in streams and lakes. Attention should also be given to ocular leech infestation in the differential diagnosis of ocular tr...

This study was conducted to identify the occurrence and types of trauma-related ocular disorders in 114 birds belonging 39 species. For this purpose, both detailed neurological examination ophthalmologic examina-tion results admitted our clinics with a trauma history or findings are presented. Thirty cases were evaluated suffer from eye injuries. Uvea lesions (n=12) most frequent disorder traum...

BACKGROUND Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) is an uncommon oncogenic disorder which occurs as a result of genetic mutations on chromosome 3p. Retinal capillary haemangiomas and CNS haemangioblastomas have been well-characterised in genotypic-phenotypic analyses, but cystic visceral lesions are less common and have been less frequently studied. The aim of this study was to perform genotypic and phenotypi...

PURPOSE Neurotoxoplasmosis is the most common central nervous system disorder in patients with AIDS. The occurrence of ocular toxoplasmosis in neurotoxoplasmosis is not well studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of typical or probable toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in patients with AIDS and neurotoxoplasmosis. METHODS A prospective case series was performed, in...

Background:  Diplopia, or double vision, is a common ophthalmologic complaint with many underlying causes, ocular and neurological. Aripiprazole has been reported to have fewer adverse effects and better efficacy than other atypical antipsychotics. Although ocular side effects of aripiprazole are not remarkable, two cases of diplopia associated with aripiprazole have been reported in the litera...

Background: Tolmetin (Tol) is a pyrrole acetic acid derivative that acts as a highly effective topical anti-inflammatory agent. Topical administration of Tol is effective for the management of ocular inflammations.The aim of this study was to formulate and improve a topical ophthalmic delivery system of Tol. Materials and methods: In the present study, ocular inserts of Tol were prepared using ...

The potential cause of blindness worldwide includes diseases of the cornea, ocular surface (limbal stem cell deficiency, allergic conjunctivitis, dry eye diseases), and retinal diseases. The presence of stem cells (limbal stem cells) in the basal region of the limbus makes it an important tool for the ocular regeneration and also in maintaining the transparency of eye by replacing the corneal e...

Glaucoma is a common eye disease that can cause irreversible blindness if left undiagnosed and untreated. Glaucoma is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder of the eye. Glaucoma can be roughly divided into two main categories "open angle" and "closed angle" (or "angle closure") glaucoma. Every available treatment to prevent progressive glaucoma involves a certain amount of risk and financial ex...

Dry eye disease (DED) is a clinically significant multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface and tear film as it results in ocular discomfort and visual impairment and predisposes the cornea to infections. It is important for the quality of life and tends to be a chronic disease. It is also common, as the prevalence is estimated between 5 % to 30 % and this increases with age. Therefore, it ...

BACKGROUND Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a common tear film and ocular surface disease that results in discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface. Systemic diseases associated with DES include diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, depression, anxiety, thyroid disease, allergic diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic pain syndrome, an...