The administration of Freund's adjuvant to rats induces a disease characterized by inflammatory lesions of synovial membrane, eye, skin, and genito-urinary system (Pearson and Wood, 1959). Adjuvant-induced disease (AID) has been compared to rheu-matoid arthritis and Reiter's syndrome in man (Pearson, Waksman, and Sharp, 1961). AID is generally considered to be a disease of thymic-dependent cell...

Adjuvant disease in the rat may represent a cell-mediated response to tuberculous material disseminated from the original injection site, but previous studies have provided only indirect evidence for this dissemination. In the present experiments tubercle bacilli labelled in vitro with rhodamine isothiocyanate (RITC) were injected into a footpad as Freund's complete adjuvant. Serial studies sho...

a field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of haloxyfop-r-methyl ester doses in different grass weeds in various growing stages in safflower during 2011-2012 growing season in research farm of college of agriculture, shiraz university. the study was carried our as split split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replicates. the main factor, sub factor and sub sub fa...

The adjuvanticity of a sulfolipopolysaccharide (SLP) incorporated into a squalane-in-water emulsion (SLP/S/W) was compared with that of a mineral oil-in-water (O/W) adjuvant currently used in commercial porcine vaccines. Groups of pigs were immunized twice with vaccines comprising either inactivated influenza virus (iFlu3 containing strains A/Swine, MRC-11 and X-79), inactivated pseudorabies vi...

Recombinant subunit vaccines are an efficient strategy to meet the demands of a possible influenza pandemic, because of rapid and scalable production. However, vaccines made from recombinant Hemagglutinin (HA) subunit protein are often of low potency, requiring repeated boosting to generate a sustained immune response. Previously, we demonstrated improved immunogenicity of a plant-made H1 Hemag...

West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-transmitted member of the Flaviviridae family that has emerged in recent years to become a serious public health threat. Given the sporadic nature of WNV epidemics both temporally and geographically, there is an urgent need for a vaccine that can rapidly provide effective immunity. Protection from WNV infection is correlated with antibodies to the viral envel...

UNLABELLED INTRODUCTION Rectal cancer with rectovesical fistula is a rare and difficult to treat entity. Here, we describe a case of rectal cancer with rectovesical fistula successfully managed by multimodality treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such case report in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION A 51-year-old Chinese man was diagnosed as having rectal cancer acco...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of mood disorders in children is a growing global concern. Omega-3 fatty acids (FA) are emerging as a promising adjuvant therapy for depressive disorder (DD) in paediatric patients. The primary objective of this pilot, single-centre, randomized, double-blind controlled study was to compare the efficacy of an Omega-3 FA fish oil emulsion with a control oil emulsion alon...

Turpentine oil, owing to the presence of 7–50 terpenes, has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antioxidant, and antitumor properties, which are important for medical emulsion preparation. The addition turpentine oil squalene emulsions can increase their effectiveness, thereby reducing concentration expensive possibly deficient squalene, increasing its ...