Several recent studies have shown that not only exporters but also importers perform better than firms that do not trade. Using a detailed firm level dataset from 43 developing countries, I show that there are persistent differences in evolution of firms when they are grouped according to their trade orientation as: two-way traders (both importing and exporting), only exporters, only importers,...

This paper is to study the resource curse applying annual data from 2002 to 2016 for the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) members i.e. Algeria, Iran, Kuwait, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Venezuela. For this purpose, there were concerned the interactions role of resource abundance and institution quality, and their marginal effect of the countrie...

The economy of Timor-Leste depends more on the oil and gas sector. Therefore, non-oil sector has been less a priority in political agenda this country. However, studies Timor-Leste, especially commodity exports are underdeveloped, based that, research will discuss coffee production as potential consider it largest share among other export products Timor-Leste. puRp. . ose study is to have deepe...

In extensive oil-related literature, less attention has been paid to Asia and particularly little evidence is known for oil-refining countries. This paper examines how the economy of an country reacts oil price shock performs cross-country comparisons with oil-exporting oil-importing Singapore (oil refiner), Japan importer), Malaysia exporter) are analysed through a structural vector autoregres...

Oil price volatility has increased tremendously in the last decade and become most difficult commodity to predict. The of Brent crude oil was 42 US dollars 2020, whereas it is 72 today. All countries are adversely affected by this volatility. But severity differs between countries. Especially oil-exporting expected be more negatively. Among bordering Caspian Sea, national incomes Russia, Iran, ...

There is a false notion of existing available, abundant, and long lasting fuel energy in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries; with continual income return from its exports. This is not true as the sustainability of this income is questionable. Energy problems started to appear, and can be intensified in coming years due to continuous growth of energy demands and consumptions. The deman...