The association of pulmonary hypoplasia with bilateral renal agenesis is well recognised. It is important, however, for clinicians to be aware that pulmonary hypoplasia does occur with other congenital renal anomalies and worsens the prognosis. The aims of this review are to highlight other kidney and associated pulmonary abnormalities, describe the mechanisms of abnormal lung growth associated...

Lower urinary tract obstruction is defined as partial or complete obstruction of the urinary tract at the level of the urethra and the bladder. The posterior urethral valves are the most common cause, 9 percent of the fetal uropathies. The incidence range is wide, because of different databases show different populations. The most severe obstructive uropathy is in patients with kidney damage, o...

This study assessed whether the amniotic fluid index (AFI) or the single deepest pocket (SDP) is the best technique to estimate amniotic fluid volume. The AFI and SDP were compared to a dye-determined or directly measured amniotic fluid volume. A PUBMED search from 1990 to 2006 was conducted using the search terms "single deepest pocket" or "largest vertical pocket" or "maximum vertical pocket"...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In many deliveries, determination of umbilical artery PH is considered a suitable tool for predicting the risk of damage to the fetus and determining the likelihood of associated complications. This study was performed in order to investigate the relationship between maternal risk factors and umbilical artery PH in premature infants. METHODS: In this case-control study...

We shunted amniotic fluid from alternate gestational sacs into the maternal peritoneal cavity between 23 and 30 days gestation in fetal rabbits (full term, 31 days) to investigate the effect of oligohydramnios on surfactant apoprotein A (SP-A) expression by an immunohistochemical morphometric analysis. The amniotic shunt produced a significant decrease in the amniotic fluid volume (P < 0.02), a...

Structural pathology and outcome were studied in 170 chromosomally abnormal fetuses. Numerical chromosomal abnormalities were established in 158 (93 per cent) cases, of which 110 (71 per cent) represented trisomies, 30 (18 per cent) Turner syndrome, and 18 (11 per cent) triploidy. Structural chromosomal abnormalities were diagnosed in 12 (7 per cent) cases. Gestational age at referral was signi...