Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are secreted by all Gram-ve pathogens. These nano-scale delivery vehicles contain discrete arrays of prokaryotic pathogenic determinants, including a family of low molecular weight (MW) lipidic quorum signaling alkyl-quinolones (AQs). These are synthesized from β-keto-fatty acids and function like primordial lipidic hormones, which regulate numerous pathogenic fac...

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are ubiquitously secreted from the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. These heterogeneous structures are composed of OM filled with periplasmic content from the site of budding. By analyzing mutants that have vesicle production phenotypes, we can gain insight into the mechanism of OMV budding in wild-type cells, which has thus far remained elusive. In ...

adjuvant induced arthritis is a chronic crippling, skeleton-muscular disorder having nearest approximation to human rheumatoid arthritis for which there is currently no medicine available effecting a permanent cure. even modern drugs used for the amelioration of the symptoms, offer only temporary relief and also produce severe side effects. in the indigenous system of medicine, wood of premna s...

various adjuvants in combination with different antigens have been utilized as a vaccine candidate against leishmaniasis. however, the search for ideal adjuvants is still pursued due to the inefficiencies of current compounds. in the present study, the effect of imiquimod, as an adjuvant, is studied with soluble leishmania antigens (sla) in balb/c mice. four groups of mice were immunized with s...

background: inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (imt) is a tumor composed of myofibroblasts and a mixed inflammatory infiltrate that rarely undergoes malignant transformation. the most common sites of involvement include the lung, liver and orbit, but it has been reported to occur in nearly every site of the body, including oral cavity and soft tissue. although common in other sites, such a tumo...

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are small unilamellar proteoliposomes, involved in various functions including cell-to-cell signalling and protein excretion. We have engineered the OMVs of Escherichia coli to nano-scaled bioreactors for biotransformation fatty acids by targeting a acid double bond hydratase Stentrophomonas maltophilia (SmOhyA) and/or photoactivated decarboxylase from C...

a field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of haloxyfop-r-methyl ester doses in different grass weeds in various growing stages in safflower during 2011-2012 growing season in research farm of college of agriculture, shiraz university. the study was carried our as split split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replicates. the main factor, sub factor and sub sub fa...

Efficient knowledge sharing and reuse—a pre-requisite for the realization of the Semantic Web vision—is currently impeded by the lack of standards for documenting and annotating ontologies with metadata information. We argue that the availability of metadata is a fundamental dimension of ontology reusability. Metadata information provides a basis for ontology developers to evaluate and adapt ex...

Secretion of effector molecules is one of the major mechanisms by which the intracellular human pathogen Legionella pneumophila interacts with host cells during infection. Specific secretion machineries which are responsible for the subfraction of secreted proteins (soluble supernatant proteins [SSPs]) and the production of bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) both contribute to the protein...