In this contribution we will review different conceptions of open-ended evolution and propose our own (RuizMirazo et al., 2008, Biol. & Philos., 23, p.67). Then, we will consider what are the general conditions that would allow such an evolutionary process to take place, with a specific focus on the type of organization that the systems involved should have. It will be argued that a strong ‘dyn...

This study presents findings from an empirical study directed at understanding the roles, forms, and consequences arising in requirements within open source software development efforts. Four open source software development communities are described, examined, and compared to help discover what these differences may be. At least two dozen kinds of software informalisms are found to play a crit...

The impact of forces such as the internet and the rise of e-commerce has led to an increasingly distributed and diverse style of systems development environment. With this change has come the call for methods suited to this type of development. The object technology community has developed a number of techniques which facilitate development in such an environment (e.g. components, design patter...

Several previous studies have argued that requirements of open source projects are often asserted by developers rather than derived from users. An explanation for this phenomenon is that developers of open source products are usually users. One may doubt whether this is still the case in software with focused user communities, such as medical software. The paper investigated the features of Ope...

We investigate the scale-locality of subgrid-scale (SGS) energy flux and interband energy transfers defined by the sharp spectral filter. We show by rigorous bounds, physical arguments and numerical simulations that the spectral SGS flux is dominated by local triadic interactions in an extended turbulent inertial-range. Inter-band energy transfers are also shown to be dominated by local triads ...

This study presents findings from an empirical study directed at understanding the roles, forms, and consequences arising in requirements for open source software (OSS) development efforts. Five open source software development communities are described, examined, and compared to help discover what differences may be observed. At least two dozen kinds of software informalisms are found to play ...

This work discusses the central requirements of coordination models suitable for open distributed systems and evaluates some commercially available systems w.r.t. these requirements. Finally, the design of the Objective Linda coordination model is sketched.

MOTIVATION Energy landscapes provide a valuable means for studying the folding dynamics of short RNA molecules in detail by modeling all possible structures and their transitions. Higher abstraction levels based on a macro-state decomposition of the landscape enable the study of larger systems; however, they are still restricted by huge memory requirements of exact approaches. RESULTS We pres...

introduction the use of cut-outs in electron applicators make changes on output, isodose, and percentage depth dose (pdd) curves. these changes and electron beam dose distribution in the form of three-dimensional (3d) can be measured by gel dosimeters. materials and methods dosimetry was performed with and without a square shield (6×6 cm2 field). the energies were 4, 9, and 16 mev and phantom w...

Offshore employees (expatriates) working abroad are an important part of any organisational workforce, working and competing globally. The specific requirements of expatriates are quite different as compared to the local workforce of that particular company. These requirements range from base salary to the educational needs of their families, children, and spouses. The employers especially work...