Why did the British Co-operative Movement suddenly abandon its historic commitment to political neutrality in 1917? Recent research suggests that the debate over co-operative political representation should be seen in the wider context of consumer politics, and conflicts over the supply and distribution of important commodities. The first part of this paper re-examines these debates in the cont...

BACKGROUND With advances in minimally invasive surgery, thoracoscopic repair of oesophageal atresia has become popular in many centres worldwide and indeed has been described as the pinnacle of neonatal surgery. Here, we report our experience in two tertiary referral centres. METHODS Thoracoscopic technique was introduced in 2007. Thus, a retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with oe...

this prospective study, conducted in 8 cities of iran from 1999 to 2000. out of total 16,573 trauma patients, 106 (0.63%) included in this study had renal injury. this study aimed at investigation of incidence, etiology and management of renal trauma patients in iran. they were 87 (82.1%) male and 19 (17.9%) female patients. renal trauma mechanism was mainly blunt injury (93.4%). road traffic c...

It is very common to encounter patients on strong opioid medication. These patients present particularly challenging pain management difficulties in the peri-operative period due to behavioural, psychological and pharmacological consequences of opioid treatment. This article discusses the key concepts in the anaesthetic management of patients taking strong opioids and steps that can be taken to...

Effective pain management is essential in the post-operative period to ensure that patients do not experience unnecessary distress or suffering and to minimise potential complications. Post-operative pain management strategies should focus on combining pharmacological management and comfort measures to ensure maximum pain relief for each patient.

We report a case of 62 year old man with single vessel disease involving the left anterior descending artery (95% proximal lesion) who underwent off-pump myocardial revascularization through antero-lateral thoracotomy (Thora--CAB). Post-operative period was uneventful with early recovery and minimal pain. He was discharged home on 5th post-operative day, doing well and is in regular follow up.