The synthetic peptide PnPP-19 comprehends 19 amino acid residues and it represents part of the primary structure of the toxin δ-CNTX-Pn1c (PnTx2-6), isolated from the venom of the spider Phoneutria nigriventer. Behavioural tests suggest that PnPP-19 induces antinociception by activation of CB1, μ and δ opioid receptors. Since the peripheral and central antinociception induced by PnPP-19 involve...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of a clinical dashboard for opioid analgesic management on opioid prescribing and adherence to opioid practice guidelines in primary care. METHODS A pre/postimplementation evaluation using electronic health record (EHR) data from patients receiving chronic opioid therapy (COT) between April 1, 2011 and March 31, 2013. Measures include annual proportions of COT...

Opioid drugs like morphine and fentanyl are the gold standard for treating moderate to severe acute and chronic pain. However, opioid drug use can be limited by serious side effects, including constipation, tolerance, respiratory suppression, and addiction. For more than 100 years, we have tried to develop opioids that decrease or eliminate these liabilities, with little success. Recent advance...

BACKGROUND Opioids are widely prescribed for their analgesic properties. Chronic opioid use is a persistent problem in the US. Nevertheless, little is known about its prescribing and utilization patterns and overall expenditures. OBJECTIVE This study examined secular trends in opioid prescription drug utilization and expenditures, along with factors associated with opioid prescription drug us...

CONTEXT The dramatic rise in the use of prescription opioids to treat non-cancer pain has been paralleled by increasing prescription opioid abuse. However, detailed analyses of these trends and programs to address them are lacking. OBJECTIVE To study the association between state shipments of prescription opioids for medical use and prescription opioid abuse admissions and to assess the effec...

buprenorphine (subutex) has been used to treat opioid dependency in the past 16 years. subutex (or buprenorphine hydrochloride) was approved by the singapore's ministry of health (moh) in 2000 as a substitution treatment for opiate-dependent drug abusers within the framework of medical, social and psychological treatments. it was subsequently introduced into the singapore market in 2002. i...

background: poisoning is a serious health problem in the world. in the intentional type, the person may attempt suicide by self-poisoning or may be poisoned by others in a criminal act. the present study was designed to investigate the causes and the frequency of poisoning cases referring to loqman hospital, tehran, iran, during summer 2010. methods: in this descriptive-analytical study, age, g...

context inflammatory pains caused by direct stimulation of nociceptors are altered by release of inflammatory mediators, cytokines and chemokines and also gut microbiota. a substantial clinical evidence supports the pivotal role of probiotics in the betterment of inflammatory disorders symptoms such as pain. therefore, this study aimed to review the potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic rol...

Introduction: Genes often have multiple polymorphisms that interact with each other and the environment in different individuals. Variability in the opioid receptors can influence opiate withdrawal and dependence. In humans, A118G Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) on μ-Opioid Receptor (MOR), 36 G>T in κ-Opioid Receptor (KOR), and T921C in the δ-Opioid Receptor (DOR) have been...

Abstract Background:In general, parental substance abuse is associated with children's emotional and behavioral problems. This study only investigated the internalizing problems (depression, anxiety and physical complains) in children of opioid or heroin-dependent parents in comparison with non-opioid dependent parents in order to determine the effects of drug dependency after exclu...