background : in the current study, pattern of substance abuse among adolescence and early adulthood that have experienced one or more substances was assessed, and also parental support, religiosity, and locus of control were measured. methods : this cross-sectional study was conducted in hamadan city, iran in 2006. all subjects were selected from hama­dan city (urban area), iran based on snowba...

The pattern of drag use was studied in 213 heroin addicts, constituting 80.7% of the patient population attending ABHAY-II Deaddication Cum Rehabilitation Centre. All heroin addicts were male and 98.6% of all had consumed or have been consuming other drugs concurrently. Tobacco, cannabis and alcohol were the drugs commonly used by the addicts. The mean age for begining tobacco consumption was l...

J. G. Pughe, Esq., Officiating Sub-Deputy Opium Agent of Ally gunge, Sew an, To E. N. Farquharson, Esq., Opium Agent of Behctr. Dated ls< February, 18G1. Sir,?Before making oyer charge of this office, I would, in continuation of my letter to your address, No. 37 of 28th June last, beg to place on record two statements shewing the rates of mortality, causes of death, and ages of the deceased amo...

The analgesic and antidiarrhoeal uses of opium were known to the Sumerians and predynastic Egyptians. During 5000 years of medicinal use, opium has become associated with countries, cultures and prominent individuals, and through several modifications, remains an extensively used analgesic and addictive drug. Morphine, the principle active compound in opium, was first isolated by the German che...

background: the pattern of drug abuse in iran has dramatically changed in recent years, turning from the traditional opioids [opium, opium dross, and refined opium dross (shireh)] into drugs with newer forms. the present study is aimed at investigating the frequency of pathological changes in the lungs of bodies with positive postmortem toxicology results for narcotics and psychotropic substanc...

Drugs, opium in particular, have undergone a historical metamorphosis in the past few years. What once passed for the "history of opium" were some scattered references to Homer and nepenthe, Shakespeare and "drowsy mandragora", with the Chinese opium wars thrown in for good measure. There were no studies of drug use and the development of control policy in either Britain or the USA. Issues such...

background rheumatic diseases are chronic diseases, which may be associated with severe and debilitating pain. objectives the purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of tobacco and opioid use among rheumatic patients. patients and methods in this cross-sectional study, 1042 patients referred to a major rheumatology clinic of kerman city, in south east of iran, were interviewed. pati...

BACKGROUND Impact of substance abuse on outcome of hospitalized patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) is a frequent question. Available studies show disagreements over its impact, thus we performed this study to find a clear answer. METHODS In a cross sectional study, 304 patients (include 152 consecutive opium dependents and equal number of independents) with acute MI admitted to co...

BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Various studies on the etiology of this disease are in progress. Some studies have suggested that opium abuse may is associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke. The present study aimed to analyze the frequency of opium addiction and to compare cerebrovascular ultrasound patients' changes to non-addicts. M...

first undisputed reference to "poppy juice" is found in the writings of Theophrastus in the third century B.C. the word opium being derived from the Greek word for "juice" the drug being obtained from the juice of the poppy Papaver sominiferum Arabian physicians were well versed in its uses and introduced the plant to the Orient Paracelsus, circa 1500, is credited with repopularising the drug i...