R&D outsourcing is often conducted during the early, market-distant stages of the innovation process. However, the main obstacle to this potentially efficient interfirm specialization is the high danger of moral hazard. Most organizational mechanisms fail to control that type of opportunism because of information asymmetries, even ex post. In the theory of incomplete contracts, this problem is ...

Concurrent with growth of long-distance trade in Britain in the seventeenth century was the use of the chartered company as the mechanism by which such trade with Africa, Asia, Russia, and North America was conducted. Indeed, these trading companies were analogs of modern multinationals with factories and agents located overseas. Because of their hierarchical structures, these companies faced p...

BACKGROUND Having strategic thinking is necessary in order to anticipate future changes and make strategic decisions. This study was carried out to assess the strategic thinking level in managers and personnel of Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Science (AJUMS) - a public university in Iran. METHODS It was a cross-sectional and analytical study and all managers (50) as well as a sampl...

ABSTRACT Although the shareholder benefits of investor conferences are well-documented, evidence on whether these facilitate managerial opportunism is scarce. We examine managers opportunistically exploit heightened attention around conference to “hype” stock. find that (1) increase quantity voluntary disclosure leading up conference, (2) disclosures more positive in tone and prices a greater e...

For Prime Minister Trudeau, “equity talk” is central to his brand. He a self-identified feminist, who embraces the terminology of equity, diversity, and inclusion, borrows from discourses intersectionality frame politics. There now emerging literature that measures this “progressive” rhetoric against reality, article seeks contribute body work. The focus especially on use “diversity” under Libe...

Abstract As governments sought to manage the coronavirus pandemic, many pursed temporary increases in centralized authority, a general tactic of crisis management. However, some countries, public health was not only motive for centralization. The COVID-19 response coincided with broader worldwide trends toward autocratization. Some these efforts happened while world preoccupied responding pande...

Purpose The paper refers to the drivers of social entrepreneurship and critically explores notion that it is prompted by a personal mission enable some or ideologically motivated altruism. It Shapero's Entrepreneurial Event Theory adaptation for in Mair Noboa (2006) develops these so both agency context may be considered. Design/methodology/approach Fieldwork comprised qualitative sample 12 lif...