Viscosity is an important property of out-of-equilibrium systems such as active biological materials and driven non-Newtonian fluids, for fields ranging from biomaterials to geology, energy technologies medicine. Non-invasive viscosity measurements typically require integration times seconds. Here, we demonstrate measurement speeds reaching 20 ?s, with uncertainty dominated by thermal molecular...

optical, fiber optics, photonic subsystems, photonics, lightwave components A new technique is presented for measurement of the differential group delay (DGD) between principal states of polarization of an optical device, with a demonstrated accuracy and resolution of roughly 50 attoseconds (50 x 10.18 s). Accuracy was directly assessed by measurement of a crystal quartz DGD standard. For the f...

purpose: to measure peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (rnfl) thickness in normal human eyes by optical coherence tomography (oct). methods: eighty-one eyes of 45 normal participants were studied. each person underwent a complete ophthalmic examinations, including measurement of visual aquity and intraocular pressure and evaluation of the anterior segment, optic disc, and retinal nerve fib...