In this study wheat straw was taken from Ankara province. In order to produce dry process MDF, urea formaldehyde resin was used at the ratio of 8 %, 10 % and 12 %, 1 % ammonium chloride was used as hardening agent on the basis of dry fiber weight. On the other hand, 5, 6 and 7 min. pressing times were applied. Alcohol benzene, cold water, hot water and 1 % NaOH solubility of wheat straw were 5....

due to the high price of virgin vegetable oils and the drawbacks of the homogeneous catalytic transesterification, in this work an economically profitable alternative process was proposed for biodiesel synthesis in which transesterification of the low-cost waste cooking oil (wco) with methanol in a heterogeneous system was done. alumina impregnated with sodium hydroxide was utilized as a solid ...

Surface texturing is an important approach for controlling the tribological behavior of friction pairs used in mechanical and biological engineering. In this study, by utilizing the method of three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, the lubrication model of a friction pair with micro-dimple array was established based on the Navier-Stokes equations. The typical pressure ...

in this paper, a non-isothermal two-phase flow in the cathode gas diffusion layer (gdl) of pem fuel cell is modeled. the governing equations including energy, mass and momentum conservation equations are solved by numerical methods. also, the optimal values of the effective parameters such as the electrodes porosity, gas diffusion layer (gdl) thickness and inlet relative humidity are calculated...

In this paper, Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) method was simulated by analytical solution. Then the effect of parameters like fiber density, distribution of layer thickness, perform layer thickness, resin viscosity was investigated theoretically. Obtained results show that by selecting optimum distribution layer thickness, increasing fiber volume fraction, reducing viscosity of ...

increasing diversity and apply intercropping systems is one of approaches to control of weeds. to evaluate the effects of additive maize-bean intercropping on yield, yield components and weeds in zanjan conditions, a field study was conducted in a spilt plot with randomized complete block design in three replications at research farm of zanjan university in 2010. main plots were the different p...

Increasing plant density is one of the main approaches of achieving higher yields for modern maize crop. However, there exists leaf redundancy for high-density maize, and leaves of the upper canopy shade more competent leaves at the middle strata. In a two-year field experiments, Jinhai5, a semi-compact corn cultivar, was grown at a density of 105,000 plants ha-1 grown until 3 days after silkin...

Iterative multiuser joint decoding based on exact Belief Propagation (BP) is analyzed in the large system limit by means of the replica method. It is shown that performance can be improved by appropriate power assignment to the users. The optimum power assignment can be found by linear programming in most technically relevant cases. The performance of BP iterative multiuser joint decoding is co...

"An ethical objection is raised against the Blackorby-Donaldson criterion of optimum population maximizing the sum total of utilities in excess of some critical level, since it may disprefer a social state with more people and with more worthwhile lives. However, the criterion may serve as a practicably reasonable compromise between maximizing total and average utility. Nevertheless, an alter...

Accurate nitrogen (N) fertilization and optimum plant density increase crop yields. In this study, I report the effects of N rate on maize yield in a meta-analysis, by using observations from 15 studies conducted Ethiopia since 2000s for possible refinement fertilizer recommendations. assessed response to different rates ha−1 compared control approach. Application significantly increased yields...