background : we need a defined population for determining prevalence and incidence of diseases, as well as conducting interventional, cohort and longitudinal studies, calculating correct and timely public health indicators, assessing actual health needs of community, performing educational programs and interventions to promote healthy lifestyle, and enhancing quality of primary health services....

For the first time, this research reports the formation of nanoporous layers of metals on the surface of metal substrates by Raney method and their conversion to corresponding porous perovskite layers. The noble metals doped perovskites are used as catalytic converter for reducing automotive pollutants. The use of perovskite as a substrate for the noble metals can reduce the need for such metal...

We studied the evolution, genotypes, and the molecular clock of dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1), between 2001 and 2014 in Guangzhou, China. The analysis of the envelope (E) gene sequences of 67 DENV-1 strains isolated in Guangzhou, together with 58 representative sequences downloaded from NCBI, have shown shifts in viral genotypes. The genotype changed several times, from genotype I to IV in 2...