This study investigates whether re-thinking the separation of lexis and grammar in language testing could lead to more valid inferences about proficiency across modes. As argued by Römer, typical scoring rubrics ignore important information encoded at lexis–grammar interface, particular how co-selection lexical grammatical features is mediated communicative function. especially evident when ass...

BACKGROUND Clinicians providing primary emergency medical care often receive little training in the management of dental emergencies. A multimodal educational intervention was designed to address this lack of training. Sustained competency in managing dental emergencies and thus the confidence to provide this care well after an educational intervention is of particular importance for remote and...

The assessment of second language (L2) speaking has long been an important yet challenging area of research in language testing. L2 testers are often concerned with designing authentic speaking tasks that resemble real-life speaking activities so that score interpretations are generalizable to non-test contexts. The conversational nature of speaking skills has promoted the widespread integratio...

abstractwriting and speaking are the productive skills of a language and share similar components. however, there has been little attempt to investigate the impact of writing practice on the speaking proficiency of the learners. the present study using a pretest-posttest controlled group design in a quasi-experimental approach investigated the effect of guided writing practice on the speaking p...

Using a structural equation modeling approach, this study investigates the relationships between second language (L2) oral proficiency and interest in learning target (L2 interest), presence of potential mediating variables (i.e. perceived importance speaking, out-of-class contact with L2 resources). It also examines if interactive noninteractive function differently model. Data were collected ...

Second language comprehensibility and accentedness are highly complex phenomena, numerous studies have been conducted to better understand these constructs. However, research has seldom addressed L2 in relation speakers' proficiency the target language. This study explores English across three levels. The speakers were 60 teenaged Finns, half of them speaking Finnish as their L1 Finland-Swedish...