Steel production involves three basic steps. At first, the heat source is to be produced to melt the iron ore. Next in a furnace iron is melted. Lastly, to produce steel the molten iron is processed. The advantage of steel over iron is greatly enhanced strength. The properties of steel are highly reliant on the amount of alloying elements, so that their levels are carefully controlled during it...

This paper studies the post-local buckling behaviour of steel plates in concrete-filled thin-walled steel tubular columns under biaxial loading using the finite element method. Geometric and material nonlinear finite element analyses are undertaken to investigate the post-local buckling strengths of imperfect steel plates under stress gradients. Based on the results obtained from the nonlinear ...

Alkaline treatment with steel slag and NaOH addition were investigated under different pH conditions for the fermentation of waste activated sludge. Better performance was achieved in steel slag addition scenarios for both sludge hydrolysis and acidification. More solubilization of organic matters and much production of higher VFA (volatile fatty acid) in a shorter time can be achieved at pH10 ...

We outline the ability of zinc phosphate coatings, obtained by chemical conversion, to protect mild steel rebars against localized corrosion, generated by chloride ions in alkaline media. The corrosion resistance of coated steel, in comparison with uncoated rebars and coated and uncoated steel rebars embedded in mortar, were evaluated by open-circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization, cro...

The interaction between the surface of stainless steel and Bacillus cereus was studied in terms of the characteristics of interfacial interaction determined from the measurement of the contact angle of the surface of B. cereus and stainless steel in the presence or absence of B. cereus adherence. The microtopographies and the roughness of the surface of stainless steel and stainless steel adher...

The addition of graphene oxide (GO) and fly ash (FA) to SFRC (steel fiber reinforced concrete) increases frost resistance. Based on the analysis amelioration GO resistance SFRC, improvement mechanism effects FA durability were studied in depth. test blocks’ compressive strength, relative dynamic modulus elasticity, mass-loss rate tested through experiments. pore distribution morphological chara...

according to the standard of reasonable and ordinary person, negligence consists in doing something which a reasonable and ordinary person would not have done in that situation or omitting something which a reasonable and ordinary person would have done in that situation. in this article, descriptive and normative content of reasonable and ordinary person has been studied; it's ambiguities...

The failure pressure of pipe with wall-thinning was investigated by using three-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element analyses (FEA). With careful modeling of the pipe and flaw geometry in addition to a proper stress-strain relation of the material, FEA could estimate the precise burst pressure obtained by the tests. FEA was conducted by assuming three kinds of materials: line pipe steel, ...

Investigations were conducted on low-carbon steel and the steel with same chemical composition with addition of microalloying element niobium. While tensile testing was carried out, the thermographic measurement was tacking place simultaneously. A specific behavior of niobium microalloyed steel was noticed. Test results have shown that, in the elastic deformation region, thermoelastic effect oc...