Mass balances are an instructive means for investigating the fate of chemicals during wastewater treatment. In addition to the aqueous-phase removal efficiency (phi), they can inform on chemical partitioning, transformation, and persistence, as well as on the chemical loading to streams and soils receiving, respectively, treated effluent and digested sewage sludge (biosolids). Release rates com...

Dr Trevor Laird, Managing Director and Founder of Scientific Update LLP, is an expert in organic process R&D and scale-up of chemical processes and has been an editor-in-chief of the American Chemical Society journal Organic Process Research and Development since its launch in 1996. With over 4 decades of involvement with the chemical and pharmceutical industry, Trevor has consulted for compani...

Impact ejected rocks are targets for life detection missions to Mars. The Martian subsurface is more favourable to organic preservation than the surface owing to an attenuation of radiation and physical separation from oxidising materials with increasing depth. Impact events bring materials to the surface where they may be accessed without complicated drilling procedures. On Earth, different as...