Soil microorganisms mediate many nutrient transformations that are central in terrestrial cycling of carbon and nitrogen. However, uptake of organic nutrients by microorganisms is difficult to study in natural systems. We assessed quantum dots (fluorescent nanoscale semiconductors) as a new tool to observe uptake and translocation of organic nitrogen by fungi and plants. We conjugated quantum d...

The roles of substrate availability and quality in determining temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil carbon (C) decomposition are still unclear, which limits our ability to predict how soil C storage and cycling would respond to climate change. Here we determined Q10 in surface organic layer and subsurface mineral soil along an elevation gradient in a temperate forest ecosystem. Q10 was calcula...

We report on the opto-electronic properties of red, green, and blue poly (fluorene) co-polymer light-emitting devices (PLEDs) fabricated on a flexible plastic substrate. The plastic substrate used has a multi-layer structure with water vapor and oxygen transmission rates of less than 10 g/cm-day-atm and 10 cc/cm-day-atm, respectively. We obtained a wide range of color gamut and a maximum emissi...

Organic matter accumulation is an important process that affects ecosystem function in many northern wetlands. The cotton strip assay (CSA) was used to measure the effect of harvesting and two different site preparation treatments, bedding and trenching, on organic matter decomposition in a forested wetland. A Latin square experimental design was used to determine the effect of harvesting, site...

We demonstrated ultrathin foldable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by using dielectric-metal-dielectric (DMD) electrode and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) substrate. The DMD containing a thin metal layer suppresses waveguide mode formation help efficiency improvement, the spin-coated PVA film forms an substrate for OLEDs ~ 1 μm.

Microbial growth on mixtures of substrates is of considerable engineering and biological interest. Most of the work until now has dealt with microbial growth on binary mixtures of sugars or polyols. In these cases, it is often found that no matter how the inoculum is precultured, only one of the two substrates is consumed in the first growth phase, leading to the diauxic growth pattern. The goa...

Green roofs provide ecosystem services through evapotranspiration and nutrient cycling that depend, among others, on plant species, substrate type, and substrate depth. However, no study has assessed thoroughly how interactions between these factors alter ecosystem functions and multifunctionality of green roofs. We simulated some green roof conditions in a pot experiment. We planted 20 plant s...

Drugs and xenobiotics bind to plasma proteins with varying degrees of affinity, and the amount of binding has a direct effect on free drug concentration and subsequent pharmacokinetics. Multiple active and facilitative transport systems regulate the excretion of anionic compounds from the blood in excretory and barrier tissues. Assumptions are made about in vivo substrate affinity and route of ...

Organic glass films formed by physical vapor deposition exhibit enhanced stability relative to those formed by conventional liquid cooling and aging techniques. Recently, experimental and computational evidence has emerged indicating that the average molecular orientation can be tuned by controlling the substrate temperature at which these "stable glasses" are grown. In this work, we present a ...

Effects of high water levels on the abundance of colony-forming units of eutrophic and oligotrophic bacteria were investigated. Changes in their proportion were exploited as the biological indicator of organic substrate availability. it was also reconsidered, to a certain extent, which source (autochtonous or allochtonous) of organic substrate and bacteria prevails during floods. Water samples ...