Female masculinisation (FM) in gastropods (imposex, intersex and ovo-testis) has been documented in > 260 species globally. Biomonitoring studies use FM to indirectly assess the presence of tributyltin (TBT), a once popular biocide in antifouling paint, which has since been regulated. Laboratory studies confirm that FM in gastropods can be induced not only by TBT, but other tin (Sn) compounds, ...

The ability to append alkyl moieties onto preexisting molecular scaffolds is of significant interest owing to the breadth of the diversified compounds that can be accessed in late stage synthesis. There are a number of procedures that are capable of incorporating alkyl subunits into organic molecules; however, many of these strategies are limited in scope. In particular, the highly reactive nat...

The triphenyltin (TPT)-degrading bacterium Pseudomonas chlororaphis CNR15 produces extracellular yellow substances to degrade TPT. Three substances (F-I, F-IIa, and F-IIb) were purified, and their structural and catalytic properties were characterized. The primary structure of F-I was established using two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance techniques; the structure was identical to that of...

With the 2-thienylselenoacetic acid ligand, four new organotin complexes, [Me3Sn(O2CCH2SeC4H3S-o)]n (), [(Ph3Sn)6(O2CCH2SeC4H3S-o)6] (), [(Me2Sn)4(μ3-O)2(O2CCH2SeC4H3S-o)4] (), and [(PhSn)6(μ3-O)6(O2CCH2SeC4H3S-o)6] (), have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography, elemental analysis, FT-IR and NMR ((1)H, (13)C, and (119)Sn) spectroscopy. The structure analysis indicates tha...

Organotin (IV) carboxylates with the general formulae R2Sn(Cl)L [R = Me (1), n-Bu (2), Ph (3)] and R3SnL [R = Me (4), Ph (5)] have been synthesized by the reaction of 4-piperidinecarboxylic acid (HL) with KOH and R2SnCl2 (R = Me, n-Bu, Ph)/R3SnCl (R = Me, Ph) in methanol under stirring conditions. The metal ligand binding site, structure, and stability of complexes have been verified by FT-IR, ...

A new class of bis-di-organotin (IV) compounds were synthesized in good yields (ca. 80%) by a one-step five molecules reaction in which intervene two molecular equivalents of leucine, one of 5,50-methylenebis-salicylaldehyde and either two of di-n-butyltin (IV) or diphenyltin (IV) oxides, that independently provided two bis-di-organotin derivatives. The structures of these two compounds were es...