BACKGROUND Trigeminal neuralgia is accompanied by severe mechanical, thermal and chemical hypersensitivity of the orofacial area innervated by neurons of trigeminal ganglion (TG). We examined the role of the voltage-gated sodium channel subtype Nav1.9 in the development of trigeminal neuralgia. RESULTS We found that Nav1.9 is required for the development of both thermal and mechanical hyperse...

effects of single versus repeated injection of botulinum toxin in orofacial formalin test in rats. Abstract Long-term effectiveness and repeated administration of botulinum toxin A are the basis for its use in both neuromuscular disorders and certain painful conditions. Botulinum toxin A has been recently approved for migraine treatment, and its off-label use extends to other craniofacial pain ...

Dear Editor, Orofacial clefts are the most common congenital anomalies of the head and neck and its incidence ranges from 1/500 to 1/2000 live births, depending on populations. Etiology of these anomalies is multifactorial and includes both environmental and genetic factors. Many teratogenic agents and factors in pregnancy are claimed to cause clefting, such as maternal smoking and hypoxia and ...

1Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran 2Department of Dental Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 3Programme in Experimental Medicine and Therapy, Doctoral School in Life and Health Sciences, Maxillofacial Surgery Section, Surgical Sciences Department, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin,...

RATIONALE Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a rare disease characterized by noncaseating granulomatous inflammation. The most common clinical presentation is persistent swelling of the soft tissues in the oral and maxillofacial regions. The precise cause of OFG is unknown. Corticosteroids are the first-line and best treatment, but there is lack of uniform treatment prescription and standard. It...

BACKGROUND Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL(P)) and isolated cleft palate (CP) are separate clinical entities and for both polygenic multifactorial aetiology has been proposed. Parents of children with orofacial clefting have been shown to have distinctive differences in their facial shape when compared to matched controls. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that genetic and morphomet...

This study investigated the possible antinociceptive effect of p-cymene in different tests of orofacial nociception. The animals (mice) were pretreated (i.p.) with p-cymene (25, 50, 100 mg/kg), morphine (5 mg/kg), or vehicle (0.2% Tween 80+saline), and were then subsequently administered, subcutaneously into their upper lip: formalin, capsaicin, and glutamate. The nociceptive behavior response ...

Key research findings relative to the question of whether maternal use of folic acid before and during pregnancy reduces the chance that offspring will be born with a congenital heart defect or an orofacial cleft are reviewed in this paper. Observational studies in general support an association between maternal use of multivitamins containing folic acid and a reduction in the occurrence of con...

BACKGROUND The combination of two analgesic agents offers advantages in pain treatment. Codeine and morphine analgesia is due to activation of opioid receptor subtypes. METHODS This study, performed in mice using isobolographic analysis, evaluated the type of interaction in intraperitoneal (ip) or intrathecal (it) coadministration of codeine and morphine, in three nociceptive behavioral model...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate effect of ellagic acid, a polyphenol bioactive compound, on reserpine-induced orofacial dyskinesia in Wistar male albino rats and to explore the possible underlying mechanisms for this effect. Reserpine (1 mg kgG1, i.p.) was administered on every alternate day for a period of 5 days (day 1, 3 and 5) to induce orofacial dyskinesia in rats. Ellagic aci...