Electrically controlled dynamics of fluids and particles at microscales is a fascinating area of research with applications ranging from microfluidics and sensing to sorting of biomolecules. The driving mechanisms are electric forces acting on spatially separated charges in an isotropic medium such as water. Here, we demonstrate that anisotropic conductivity of liquid crystals enables new mecha...

Big gap between experimental filtration resistance of cake layer formed on membrane surface and the hydraulic resistance calculated through the Carman-Kozeny equation, suggested the existence of a new membrane fouling mechanism: osmotic pressure during cake layer filtration in SMBR system. An osmotic pressure model based on chemical potential difference was then proposed. Simulation of the mode...

The process parameters of a reverse osmosis system concentrating industrial wastewater in a closed-loop operation have been studied. The model describes system solute concentration as a function of operating time and can be used to predict separation efficiency and permeate flux. The model uses seven parameters that are obtained from membrane and solution data Simulation of a simple salt system...

In this paper, removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solution has been researched using reverse osmosis. The influence of transmembrane pressure and feed concentration on permeate flux, water recovery, permeate concentration, and salt rejection was studied. The results showed that according to the variation of transmembrane pressure and feed concentration, the permeate flux and salt rejection we...

Reverse osmosis (RO) is a compact process for the removal of ionic and organic pollutants from contaminated water. This study deals with the development of dynamic model for tubular reverse osmosis unit. The proposed model describes the unit as a series of single tubes, each tube is described by two ordinary differential equations (ODE) and the whole module is to be described by sets of differe...

Large-scale desalination plants are complex systems with many inter-disciplinary interactions and different levels of subsystem hierarchy. Advanced complex systems design tools have been shown to have a positive impact on design in aerospace and automotive, but have generally not been used in the design of water systems. This work presents a multi-disciplinary design optimization approach to de...

When an isotonic suspension of human erythrocytes was subjected to a rapid temperature jump (heating time of 2 mus), the following phenomena were observed. Although a jump of 0.05 degrees caused no visible damage to the cell membranes, it facilitated the permeation of [3H]glucose into the cells. A jump of 0.5 degrees induced a hemolysis of the cells. The hemolysis was accompanied by extensive a...

Designing stealth technologies for modern war ships requires methods for signatures reduction (radar, infrared, etc). The first step is to conceive a signature simulation software. In [1], [2], we proposed an infrared (IR) ship signature simulation software (OSMOSIS) that can manage parametric emissivity profiles. OSMOSIS comprizes a smart computation time and memory management. The evaluation ...