Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) contribute substantially to the tumor mass of gliomas and have been shown to play a major role in the creation of a tumor microenvironment that promotes tumor progression. Shortcomings of attempts at antiglioma immunotherapy may result from a failure to adequately address these effects. Emerging evidence supports an independent categorization of glioma TAMs a...

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are implicated in breast cancer metastasis, but relatively little is known about the underlying genes and pathways that are involved. The transcription factor Ets2 is a direct target of signaling pathways involved in regulating macrophage functions during inflammation. We conditionally deleted Ets in TAMs to determine its function at this level on mouse mammar...

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and other myeloid cells that infiltrate neoplastic lesions promote tumor progression and are associated with poor patient prognosis. We have recently demonstrated that trabectedin, a licensed and commercially available anticancer agent, is selectively cytotoxic for TAMs and their circulating precursors (monocytes). The macrophage-depleting effect of trabected...

Abstract MHC-II–mediated antigen presentation is essential for the function of immune system. Recent evidence indicates that MHC-II expression shapes tumor immunity and response to immunotherapy. expressing presenting cells (APCs) mediate CD4 +T-cell priming activation license them support CD8 response. Citrullination – catalyzed by peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADs) a post-translational modif...

In human breast cancers, tumor infiltration by tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) correlates with multiple markers of poor prognosis: higher tumor macrophage counts are associated with higher tumor grade, higher tumor vascular density, and reduced overall survival [1]. TAMs secrete biologically active molecules that promote tumor growth and metastasis[1]. Additionally, unique subpopulations of...

Therapeutic nanoparticles (TNPs) aim to deliver drugs more safely and effectively to cancers, yet clinical results have been unpredictable owing to limited in vivo understanding. Here we use single-cell imaging of intratumoral TNP pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to better comprehend their heterogeneous behaviour. Model TNPs comprising a fluorescent platinum(IV) pro-drug and a clinically t...

This overview addresses the recent research developments in the role of tumour-associated macrophages (TAM) in bone metastasis biology and management of breast and prostate cancer as well as in primary and lung metastatic osteosarcoma. Immunosuppressive M2-type TAMs have been shown to associate with poor prognosis. Throughout their life cycle, macrophages (Macs) can adapt to environmental cues ...

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) derived from primary tumors are believed to facilitate circulating tumor cell (CTC) seeding of distant metastases, but the mechanisms of these processes are poorly understood. Although many studies have focused on the migration of CTCs, less attention has been given to TAMs that, like CTCs, derive from tumor sites. Using precision microfilters under low-flow ...

Test access mechanisms (TAMs) are an important component of a system-on-chip (SOC) test architecture. TAM optimization is necessary to minimize the SOC testing time. We present a fast, heuristic technique for TAM optimization and demonstrate its scalability for several industrial SOCs. Since the TAM optimization problem is -hard, recently proposed methods based on integer linear programming and...

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are key contributors to tumor development, accelerated invasion and metastasis, induction of immunosuppression. Targeted delivery immunomodulatory agents promote polarization TAMs may alleviate the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CCN), which exhibit excellent biocompatibility, pH sensitivity, easy surface modification, hav...